{"id":1902,"date":"2010-04-12T18:31:11","date_gmt":"2010-04-12T16:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1902"},"modified":"2020-04-02T11:27:29","modified_gmt":"2020-04-02T08:27:29","slug":"timar-sistemi-ve-faydalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/timar-sistemi-ve-faydalari.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u0131mar Sistemi ve Faydalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin; devlet g\u00f6revindeki hizmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere bir k\u0131s\u0131m asker ve memurlara, belirlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde, kendi adla\u00adr\u0131na vergileri toplama yetkisiyle birlikte verdi\u011fi toprakt\u0131r. \u0130kta ve dirlik olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemde arazi, t\u0131mar verilen kimsenin m\u00fclk\u00fc de\u00ad\u011fildir. T\u0131mar sahibi halk\u0131n devlete \u00f6demesi gere\u00adken vergileri devletin izni ile toplard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u015fiye verilen topraklar\u0131n vergisi, ikta sahibi taraf\u0131ndan toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu vergilere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k devlete asker beslemek, o b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde t\u0131mar sahibi, belirlenen hizmetleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, devlete ait \u00e7e\u015fitli vergileri kendi ad\u0131na toplama hakk\u0131ndan faydalanabiliyordu. Bu hak, g\u00f6r\u00fclen vazifeye ba\u011fl\u0131 bir maa\u015f olup, t\u0131mar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131, vakfedilmesi veya miras olarak varislerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcm\u00adk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>T<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>mar Sisteminin Faydalar<\/strong><strong>\u0131 <\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>Devletin maa\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>Devlet, \u00fcretimi denetim alt\u0131na alarak s\u00fc\u00adreklili\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kta verilen b\u00f6lgelerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece devlet otoritesi korunmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmenler, yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Vergiler d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Eyalet askerlerini bu sistem sayesinde yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f,<\/li>\n<li>\u00dclkenin bay\u0131nd\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmesini ve arazi\u00adden daha iyi faydalan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong> Topraklar \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00fcst \u00fcste bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu ki\u015finin elinden topraklar al\u0131narak ba\u015fkala\u00adr\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum \u00fcretiminin s\u00fcrek\u00adlili\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h1><strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ARAZ\u0130N\u0130N GEL\u0130R\u0130NE G<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00d6<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">RE T<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">I<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">MAR <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00c7<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">E<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u015e<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0130TLER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong> M<\/strong><strong>\u0130<\/strong><strong>R<\/strong><strong>\u0130<\/strong><strong> ARAZ<\/strong><strong>\u0130<\/strong><strong>LER: Osmanl\u0131<\/strong> Devleti\u2019nde m\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan topraklara miri arazi denirdi. Bu topraklar ekilip bi\u00e7ilmesi \u015fart\u0131yla ki\u015filere b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Miri arazinin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dirlik arazisiydi<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Dirlik Arazileri:<\/strong> M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 devlete ait, geliri ise sava\u015fta yararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterenlere ve devlet memurlar\u0131na maa\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilen arazilerdir.\u00a0 Bu topraklar ekilip bi\u00e7ilmesi \u015fart\u0131yla ki\u015filere b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Mir\u00ee arazinin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dirlik arazisiydi. Dirlik arazisi gelirlerine g\u00f6re Has, Zeamet ve T\u0131mar ol\u00admak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-HAS:<\/strong> Geliri 100.000 ak\u00e7eden fazla olan arazi\u00adlerdir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n geliri padi\u015fahtan ba\u015fka hanedana mensup ki\u015filere, vezirlere, beylerbey\u00adlerine, sancakbeylerine, defterdarlara vezir-i azam, ni\u00ad\u015fanc\u0131, \u00a0gibi y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli devlet adamlar\u0131na verilirdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-ZEAMET<\/strong>: Geliri 20.000 ak\u00e7e ile 100.000 ak\u00e7e aras\u0131 olan arazilerdir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n gelirleri Kad\u0131 ve Suba\u015f\u0131 gibi devlet g\u00f6revlilerine verilirdi..<\/p>\n<p><strong>3-T<\/strong><strong>IMAR: Geliri 3000 ak\u00e7e ile 20.000 ak\u00e7e aras\u0131 olan topraklard\u0131r.<\/strong> T\u0131mar sahipleri senelik gelirin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u00admas\u0131ndan sonra geriye kalan geliriyle asker beslemek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>T<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>mar Sisteminin Bozulmas<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman devrinde en iyi d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fayan t\u0131mar sistemi, Kanuni&#8217;den sonra bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda, uzun s\u00fc\u00adren sava\u015flar\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131r masraflar\u0131n kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131lanabilmesi i\u00e7in iltizam usul\u00fcyle pe\u015fin para kar\u015f\u0131\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0131marlar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 bozulmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.(\u0130ltizam<strong>: <\/strong>\u00d6zel y\u00f6netimi olan eyaletlerin vergi gelirlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yolu ile toplanmas\u0131na denir. Vergiyi toplayana m\u00fcltezim denir. Bu yolla devletin nakit s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 giderilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015flar\u0131n ve Anadolu&#8217;da \u00e7\u0131kan Celali is\u00adyanlar\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi sorunlar t\u0131marl\u0131 si\u00adpahilerin fakirle\u015fmesine sebep oldu. T\u0131marl\u0131 sipa\u00adhi say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmeler meydana geldi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin; devlet g\u00f6revindeki hizmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere bir k\u0131s\u0131m asker ve memurlara, belirlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde, kendi adla\u00adr\u0131na vergileri toplama yetkisiyle birlikte verdi\u011fi toprakt\u0131r. \u0130kta ve dirlik olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemde arazi, t\u0131mar verilen kimsenin m\u00fclk\u00fc de\u00ad\u011fildir. T\u0131mar sahibi halk\u0131n devlete \u00f6demesi gere\u00adken vergileri devletin izni ile toplard\u0131. Ki\u015fiye verilen topraklar\u0131n vergisi, ikta sahibi taraf\u0131ndan &#8230; <a title=\"T\u0131mar Sistemi ve Faydalar\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/timar-sistemi-ve-faydalari.html\" aria-label=\"More on T\u0131mar Sistemi ve Faydalar\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[607,606],"class_list":["post-1902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler","tag-ikta-sistemi","tag-timar-sistemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}