{"id":1841,"date":"2010-04-08T17:58:44","date_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1841"},"modified":"2010-04-08T17:58:45","modified_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:58:45","slug":"fatih-sultan-mehmet-donemi-ve-otlukbeli-savasi-1473","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/fatih-sultan-mehmet-donemi-ve-otlukbeli-savasi-1473.html","title":{"rendered":"Fatih Sultan Mehmet D\u00f6nemi ve Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 (1473)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong><\/p>\n

II.Mehmet ilk i\u015f olarak Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi \u00fczerine sefer d\u00fc\u00adzenlendi. Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 itaat alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Mora \u00fczerine ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenletti. Venedik ve Macarlarla birer dostluk antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n

A. \u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130 (1453)<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 Fethin Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizans’\u0131n baz\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyarak Osmanl\u0131’y\u0131 i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizans’\u0131n Avrupa devletlerini Osmanl\u0131lar’a kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerini te\u015fvik et\u00admesi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmas\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli tehdit o-lu\u015fturmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stanbul<\/a>‘un co\u011frafi konumu ve \u00f6nemli ticaret yol\u00adlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Peygamber efendimizin (S.A.V) \u0130stanbul’un fethi ile ilgili hadisinin II. Mehmet’i fetih i\u00e7in te\u015fvik et\u00admesi.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fetih i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anadolu (G\u00fczelce Hisar) Hisan’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na Rumeli<\/a> (Bo\u011faz Kesen) Hisar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0D\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar\u0131 (\u015eahi) d\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ha\u00advan toplar\u0131 icad edildi. Surlara yakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in te\u00adkerlekli kuleler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’u denizden ku\u015fatmak i\u00e7in 400 par\u00e7al\u0131k donanma haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa’dan, karadan gelecek yard\u0131mlar\u0131 engel\u00adlemek i\u00e7in Balkanlarda bir ordu haz\u0131r tutuldu.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Venedik ve Macarlarla dostluk antla\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u00adp\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bizans’\u0131n Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Savunma \u00d6nlemleri<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Surlar tamir edilerek asker yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Hali\u00e7<\/a>‘in giri\u015fi eski gemiler ve kal\u0131n zincir\u00adlerle kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Avrupal\u0131 devletlerden yard\u0131m istendi.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Rum ate\u015fi (grejuva) <\/strong>denilen silahlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un Fethi<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

II. Mehmet gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 tamamlaya\u00adrak \u015fehri karadan ve denizden 6 Nisan 1453’te <\/strong>ku\u015fatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

72 par\u00e7al\u0131k bir do\u00adnanma k\u0131zaklardan kayd\u0131r\u0131larak Halic’e indirildi. 53 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren ku\u015fatmadan sonra 29 May\u0131s 1453 <\/strong>tarihinde \u0130stanbul’un fethi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un Fethinin T\u00fcrk Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 <\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti imparatorluk h\u00e2line geldi ve \u0130stanbul devletin ba\u015fkenti oldu.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Anadolu ve Rumeli topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki engel ortadan kalkt\u0131 ve top\u00adrak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, Karadeniz Ticaret Yolu <\/strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin denetimine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 II. Mehmet’e “Fatih<\/a>” <\/strong>unvan\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi <\/strong>so\u00adna erdi, Y\u00fckselme D\u00f6nemi <\/strong>ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin islam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un Fethinin<\/strong> D\u00fcnya Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan<\/strong> Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Do\u011fu Roma (Bizans) Devleti <\/strong>y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Orta \u00c7a\u011f <\/strong>sona erdi, Yeni \u00c7a\u011f <\/strong>ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Karadeniz ticaret yolunun Osmanl\u0131 Dev\u00adleti’nin eline ge\u00e7mesi \u00fczerine Bat\u0131 Avrupa k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u00addaki devletlerin a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere \u00e7\u0131karak yeni yollar aramalar\u0131 Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin ba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili oldu.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra buradan ayr\u0131\u00adlan bilim adamlar\u0131 \u0130talya’ya yerle\u015ferek Avrupa’da R\u00f6nesans’\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili oldular.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’un fethiyle kale ve surlar\u0131n top g\u00fclleleriyle y\u0131k\u0131labilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, Avrupa’da feodalite (derebeylik) rejiminin <\/strong>y\u0131k\u0131l\u00admas\u0131nda ve mutlak krall\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde et\u00adkili oldu.<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra Ortodoks Patrikhanesi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin koruyuculu\u011fu alt\u0131na al\u0131narak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmesi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

UYARI: <\/strong>Fatih Sultan Mehmet<\/a>, \u0130stanbul’u fethettikten sonra Ortodoks Kilisesi’nin \u0130stanbul’da kalmas\u0131na izin vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ortodokslar\u0131 kendi yan\u0131na \u00e7ekerek Avrupa H\u0131\u00adristiyan birli\u011fini par\u00e7alamay\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Balkanlardaki fetihlerde Ortodokslar\u0131n deste\u00ad\u011fini kazanmay\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ortodokslar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 ama\u00e7la\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

SINIRLAR GEN\u0130\u015eL\u0130YOR <\/strong><\/p>\n

Balkanlardaki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra Fatih, Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesini engellemek ve Bal\u00adkanlardaki Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fini kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le getir\u00admek i\u00e7in fetih hareketlerine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022 1459’da Belgrad hari\u00e7 S\u0131rbistan <\/strong>fethedildi.<\/p>\n

1460’da Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 <\/strong>al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2022 1462’de Efl\u00e2k, <\/strong>1476’da Bo\u011fdan <\/strong>fethedildi.<\/p>\n

1463’te Bosna, <\/strong>1465’te Hersek <\/strong>fethedildi.<\/p>\n

1479’da Arnavutluk <\/strong>Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti\u00adne girdi.<\/p>\n

Anadolu’daki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra Fatih, Kara\u00addeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almak, Karadeniz ticaret yolu \u00fczerindeki Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7\u00adlendirmek ve Anadolu T\u00fcrk birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Anadolu’da fetihlere y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n

1459’da Bat\u0131 Karadeniz’de \u00f6nemli bir tica\u00adret merkezi olan Amasra <\/strong>Cenevizlilerden al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1460’ta Candaro\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sinop <\/strong>al\u0131na\u00adrak bu beylik Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1461’de Trabzon<\/a> <\/strong>fethedilerek Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na son verildi.<\/p>\n

1466’da Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan Konya <\/strong>ve Karaman<\/a> <\/strong>al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

UYARI: <\/strong>Fatih’in Mora ve Trabzon’u almas\u0131 Bizans’\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rma umutlar\u0131n\u0131 sona er\u00addirmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 (1473<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Akkoyunlu Devleti aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n Sebepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>Anadolu’ya h\u00e2kim olmak isteyen Akko\u00adyunlu Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan<\/a>‘\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne kar\u015f\u0131 Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi’ni des\u00adteklemesi,<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Akkoyunlular\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin aley\u00adhine Venediklilerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Uzun Hasan’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nden Trabzon’u ve Sinop’u istemesi,<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcven\u00adli\u011fini sa\u011flamak istemesidir.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n Geli\u015fmesi<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Fatih, Anadolu’nun siyasal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit eden Akkoyunlular \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Erzincan yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yap\u0131\u00adlan Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Uzun Hasan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Akkoyunlu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine girdi.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 F\u0131rat Nehri’ne kadar geni\u015fledi.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Anadolu’da T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini sa\u011flama yolunda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Reblog<\/a>
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