{"id":1837,"date":"2010-04-08T17:54:10","date_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:54:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1837"},"modified":"2010-04-08T17:54:11","modified_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:54:11","slug":"osmanli-devletinde-ordu-ve-donanma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-ordu-ve-donanma.html","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Ordu ve Donanma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ORDU VE DONANMA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 ordusu kara ve deniz kuvvetleri olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kara ordusu; <strong>Kap\u0131kulu askerleri, Eya\u00adlet askerleri <\/strong>ve <strong>yard\u0131mc\u0131 kuvvetler <\/strong>olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131,<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KAPIKULU (MERKEZ ORDUSU) ASKERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I. Murat zaman\u0131nda sava\u015f esiri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n asker ola\u00adrak yeti\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kuruldu. Kap\u0131kulu ordusu <strong>piyadeler <\/strong>ve <strong>s\u00fcvariler <\/strong>olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kap\u0131kulu Piyadeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Dev\u015firilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n getirildi\u011fi ilk ocakt\u0131r. Burada ilk askeri e\u011fitim verilirdi. Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131nda e\u011fitimlerini tamamlayan dev\u015firmelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 enderuna g\u00f6nderilirken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da di\u00ad\u011fer Kap\u0131kulu Ocaklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilirlerdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: <strong>I. <\/strong>Murat zaman\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f\u00adtur. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun yaya (Piyade) askerleri\u00addir. Komutanlar\u0131na <strong>Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131 <\/strong>denilirdi. Ye\u00adni\u00e7eriler sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda padi\u015fah\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. Bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise Divan\u0131n koruyucu\u00adlu\u011funu ve <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Istanbul\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Istanbul\" target=\"_blank\">\u0130stanbul<\/a>&#8216;un g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cebeci Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Yeni\u00e7erilerin silahlar\u0131n\u0131 yapan, tamir eden ve saklayan ocakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Top\u00e7u Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Orduya ait toplar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, bak\u0131\u00adm\u0131 ve sava\u015flarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile g\u00f6revli ocakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Top Arabac\u0131lar Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Toplar\u0131n sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla g\u00f6revli idi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La\u011f\u0131mc\u0131 Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Kale ku\u015fatmalar\u0131nda t\u00fcnel ka\u00adzarak surlar\u0131n alt\u0131na patlay\u0131c\u0131lar koyan ve patla\u00adtan ocakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>g)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Humbarac\u0131 Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Dinamit, bomba, havan topu yapan ve kullanan ocakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>h) Tulumbac\u0131 Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Lale Devri&#8217;nde a\u00e7\u0131lan itfaiye oca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0131) Do\u011fanc\u0131 ve Turnac\u0131 Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Haberle\u015fme ve avlanmada kullan\u0131lan ku\u015flar\u0131 e\u011fitmekle g\u00f6revli ocakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>i) Saka Oca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>: Ordunun su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan ocakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kap\u0131kulu S\u00fcvarileri<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Saray etraf\u0131nda bulunan atl\u0131 askerlerdir. Sava\u015fta h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda yer alarak padi\u00ad\u015fah\u0131, ordunun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve hazineyi korurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>B. EYALET ASKERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dirlik arazi sahipleri (has, zeamet ve t\u0131mar) taraf\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilen askerlerdir. Tamam\u0131 atl\u0131 askerlerdir. Bunlar maa\u015f almazlar, ge\u00e7imlerini dirliklerden sa\u011flarlard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun as\u0131l g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015ftururlard\u0131. II. Mahmut zaman\u0131nda t\u0131marlara son verilince T\u0131marl\u0131 Si\u00adpahiler de ortadan kalkt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin H\u0131ristiyan \u00fclkelerle olan s\u0131n\u0131rlarda\u00adki eyaletlerde bulunurlard\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkelerine ak\u0131nlar yaparak askeri hedefleri tahrip ederler, d\u00fc\u015fman kuv\u00advetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C. YARDIMCI KUVVETLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0 Azaplar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Orduya sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda yol a\u00e7arlar ve k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>2<strong>.\u00a0 Yaya ve M\u00fcsellemler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda kurulan ilk daimi ordudur. Ka\u00adp\u0131kulu ordusu kurulunca geri hizmetlere verildi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0 G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eli silah tutan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n kendi is\u00adtekleri ile sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 ile olu\u015fan birliklerdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Derbent\u00e7iler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nemli yollar \u00fczerindeki ge\u00e7itleri koruyan askerlerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Ba\u011fl\u0131 beyliklerin ve \u00f6zel y\u00f6netimli eya\u00adletlerin g\u00f6nderdikleri ordular<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D. DONANMA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Orhan Bey d\u00f6neminde ele ge\u00e7irilen Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi&#8217;ne ait donanma Osmanl\u0131 donan\u00admas\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi&#8217;nde istenen g\u00fcce ula\u015famayan Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131, <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Fatih\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatih\" target=\"_blank\">Fatih<\/a> zaman\u0131nda Venedik ve Cenevizlilerle m\u00fccadele edecek bir g\u00fcce ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fckselme D\u00f6nemi&#8217;nde Karadeniz ve Akdeniz Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Kanuni&#8217;den sonra donanmaya verilen \u00f6nem azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 giderek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirdi. Buna ra\u011fmen Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz&#8217;in gayretleri ile (1861-1876) Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck donanmas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Donanma ba\u015fkomutan\u0131na <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Kaptan Pasha\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaptan_Pasha\" target=\"_blank\">Kaptan-\u0131 Derya<\/a> veya <strong>Kaptan <\/strong>Pa\u015fa denilirdi. Donanma komutan\u0131na Reis, deniz askerlerine de Levent ad\u0131 verilirdi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\"><a class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" href=\"http:\/\/reblog.zemanta.com\/zemified\/06255552-ba4f-40ae-a98e-94546e0a8696\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none; float: right;\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/reblog_e.png?x-id=06255552-ba4f-40ae-a98e-94546e0a8696\" alt=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" \/><\/a><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><br \/>\n<script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ORDU VE DONANMA Osmanl\u0131 ordusu kara ve deniz kuvvetleri olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kara ordusu; Kap\u0131kulu askerleri, Eya\u00adlet askerleri ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 kuvvetler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KAPIKULU (MERKEZ ORDUSU) ASKERLER\u0130 I. Murat zaman\u0131nda sava\u015f esiri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n asker ola\u00adrak yeti\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kuruldu. Kap\u0131kulu ordusu piyadeler ve s\u00fcvariler olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kap\u0131kulu Piyadeleri a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8230; <a title=\"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Ordu ve Donanma\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-ordu-ve-donanma.html\" aria-label=\"More on Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Ordu ve Donanma\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[591,593,592,590,589],"class_list":["post-1837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler","tag-fatih","tag-kapikulu-askerler","tag-kaptani-derya","tag-osmanli-donanmasi","tag-osmanli-ordusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}