{"id":1811,"date":"2010-04-08T17:23:51","date_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:23:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1811"},"modified":"2019-12-06T19:28:04","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T16:28:04","slug":"hacli-seferlerinin-neden-ve-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/hacli-seferlerinin-neden-ve-sonuclari.html","title":{"rendered":"Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde birle\u015ferek H\u0131ristiyanlarca kutsal say\u0131lan Kud\u00fcs, <strong>Antakya <\/strong>\u0130skenderiye gibi yerleri almak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenledikleri seferlere \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u201d denir. 1096 \u2013 1270 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sekiz kez sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bunlardan ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc Anadolu \u00fczerinden di\u011ferleri ise deniz yolu ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130&#8217;N\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u0130N\u0130 NEDENLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. H\u0131ristiyanlarca kutsal say\u0131lan <strong>Kud\u00fcs, Antakya ve \u0130znik&#8217;in <\/strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan geri al\u0131nmak istenmesi.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0 Papa taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Kuluni Tarikat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7a\u00adl\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0 Papan\u0131n, sefere kat\u0131lanlara cennet vaat etmesi.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in bat\u0131ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar do\u011fuya yayma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0130YAS\u0130 NEDENLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrklerin (Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n) Bizans&#8217;\u0131 tehdit etmesi ve Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Papadan yard\u0131m istemesi.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0 Papan\u0131n, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fi topraklar\u0131 geni\u015flet\u00admek istemesi.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0 \u015e\u00f6valyelerin ve asillerin macera aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0\u00a0 Krallar\u0131n ve seny\u00f6rlerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flet\u00adme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi.<\/p>\n<p>5.\u00a0\u00a0 Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;da H\u0131ristiyan devletler kurma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00adcesi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EKONOM\u0130K NEDENLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n fakirli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u00adn\u0131n zenginli\u011fi.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u015e\u00f6valyelerin ve asillerin zenginliklerini art\u0131rma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0 Fakir H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131n bu seferlerle zengin ol\u00adma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi.<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da verilen sebeplerden dolay\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fczerine seferler d\u00fczenlediler. B\u00fcy\u00fck Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri&#8217;nin say\u0131s\u0131 sekizdir. Bunlardan ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1096 &#8211; 1099):<\/strong> Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Bizans&#8217;\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Anadolu&#8217;ya ge\u00e7ti. \u0130znik&#8217;i ald\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye (Anadolu)\u00a0 Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan Konya&#8217;ya kadar \u00e7ekilerek buray\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapt\u0131. I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan Dani\u015fmentliler ve Saltuklular\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusuna a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirdi. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Anadolu&#8217;da a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar vermelerine ra\u011fmen Kud\u00fcs, Antakya, Urfa ve Suriye&#8217;nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Seferi<\/strong> <strong>sonunda; <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130znik ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu, Bizans&#8217;\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrklerin bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerleyi\u015fi bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in durduruldu.<\/li>\n<li>Bizans&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc uzad\u0131. Bizans Anadolu&#8217;yu yeniden alma \u00fcmidine kap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irdikleri Kud\u00fcs, Antakya ve Suriye&#8217;de Avrupa&#8217;da oldu\u011fu gibi kontluk, d\u00fckl\u00fck ve derebeylik kurdular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1147 &#8211; 1149): <\/strong>Musul Atabeyi \u0130madedin Zengi&#8217;nin Urfa&#8217;y\u0131 geri almas\u0131 \u00fczerine II. seferi ba\u015flad\u0131. II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusunu Konya \u00f6nlerinde II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 deniz yoluyla Kud\u00fcs&#8217;e ula\u015ft\u0131ysa da \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemediler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1189-1192): <\/strong>Bu sefer, Eyyubi Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Sel\u00e2haddin Eyyubi&#8217;nin H\u0131ttin Sava\u015f\u0131 ile Kud\u00fcs&#8217;\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131lardan geri almas\u0131 \u00fczerine ba\u015flad\u0131. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Kud\u00fcs&#8217;\u00fc alamadan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1202-1204):<\/strong> Tahttan indirilen Bizans imparatorunun yard\u0131m istemesi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a yap\u0131lan bir seferdir. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar \u0130stanbul&#8217;u alarak burada bir Latin Devleti kurdular. \u0130stanbul&#8217;dan Bizansl\u0131lar ise \u0130znik ve Trabzon&#8217;da birer devlet kurdular.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri&#8217;nin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Din\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kilise ve din adamlar\u0131na olan g\u00fcven <strong>ilk defa <\/strong>sars\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kilise ve papal\u0131k <strong>ilk defa <\/strong>g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmeye ba\u015f\u00adlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kilise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi <strong>ilk defa <\/strong>zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Siyas\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu seferlerde pek \u00e7ok derebeyin \u00f6lmesi \u00fczeri\u00adne derebeylik rejimi <strong>ilk kez <\/strong>g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetme\u00adye, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k merkez\u00ee krall\u0131klar <strong>ilk kez <\/strong>g\u00fc\u00e7\u00adlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anadolu&#8217;daki T\u00fcrk ilerleyi\u015fi bir s\u00fcre durdu.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131 Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ve Eyyubiler etraf\u0131nda topland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizans&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc uzad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Ekonomik ve teknik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ticaret geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cenova, Marsilya gibi Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki li\u00admanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemleri artt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anadolu, Suriye ve Filistin topraklar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupal\u0131lar \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyetini yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u00add\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Barut, pusula, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t, matbaa gibi teknik bulu\u015f\u00adlar Avrupa&#8217;ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bunlar Avrupa medeni\u00adyetinin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ticaret sonucunda Avrupa&#8217;da hayat standart\u00adlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi. Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan ve burjuva olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan toplum kesimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\"><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><br \/>\n<script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde birle\u015ferek H\u0131ristiyanlarca kutsal say\u0131lan Kud\u00fcs, Antakya \u0130skenderiye gibi yerleri almak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenledikleri seferlere \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u201d denir. 1096 \u2013 1270 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sekiz kez sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bunlardan ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc Anadolu \u00fczerinden di\u011ferleri ise deniz yolu ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130&#8217;N\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130: D\u0130N\u0130 NEDENLER 1. H\u0131ristiyanlarca kutsal say\u0131lan Kud\u00fcs, Antakya ve &#8230; <a title=\"Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/hacli-seferlerinin-neden-ve-sonuclari.html\" aria-label=\"More on Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[573],"class_list":["post-1811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler","tag-hacli-seferleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}