{"id":1801,"date":"2010-04-08T17:00:16","date_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1801"},"modified":"2010-04-08T17:00:18","modified_gmt":"2010-04-08T15:00:18","slug":"turkiyede-nufus-hareketleri-ic-ve-dis-gocler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiyede-nufus-hareketleri-ic-ve-dis-gocler.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de N\u00fcfus Hareketleri (\u0130\u00e7 ve D\u0131\u015f G\u00f6\u00e7ler)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, do\u011fduklar\u0131 yerden ba\u015fka yerlere ge\u00e7ici ya da s\u00fcrekli olmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A. \u0130\u00c7 G\u00d6\u00c7LER<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde, n\u00fcfusun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 <\/strong>denir, i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerle bir \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunda de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fme olmaz. Sadece, b\u00f6lgelerin ve illerin n\u00fcfusun\u00adda artma ya da azalma meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, s\u00fcrekli ve mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler <\/strong>olmak \u00fcze\u00adre ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. S\u00fcrekli \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren insanlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettik\u00adleri yerlere yerle\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de, Cumhuriyetin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc\u00adze kadar, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanlardan kentlere do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0131rsal alanlardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Miras yoluyla tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131 ve ai\u00adlelerin ge\u00e7imini kar\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz gelmesi ve erozyonun artmas\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131n verimsiz hale gelmesi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fmenin artmas\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tar\u0131msal i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0131rsal kesimde i\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve sosyal problemler<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130klim ve yer \u015fekillerinin olumsuz etkileri<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kentlerde sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dola\u00ady\u0131 i\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kentlerde e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yayg\u0131n\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131rsal kesimde n\u00fcfusun art\u00admas\u0131 ve kentlerde sanayile\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, i\u015f bulma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6ster\u00admi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7teki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclke genelinde n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dengesizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0131rsal kesim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda verimsizlik meyda\u00adna gelir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00fczensiz kentle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sanayi tesisleri kent i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kentlerde konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kent n\u00fcfusunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinde (yol, su, elektrik) yetersiz\u00adlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kentlerde i\u015fsiz insanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Mevsimlik \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131rsal kesimdeki baz\u0131 ailelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere, ta\u00adr\u0131m\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere, yaz turizmi\u00adnin geli\u015fti\u011fi yerlere bir m\u00fcddet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Yaylaya \u00e7\u0131kma olay\u0131 da mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131r. Mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7lerle Adana<\/a>, Mersin<\/a>, Hatay, Ayd\u0131n, Mu\u011fla, Antalya<\/a> gibi merkezlerde, yaz ile k\u0131\u015f mevsimleri aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus miktarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

B. DI\u015e G\u00d6\u00c7LER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir \u00fclkeden di\u011fer bir \u00fclkeye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lere d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ekonomik nedenlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gidilmesi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Tabii afetler<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sava\u015flar<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Etnik nedenler<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus artar, g\u00f6\u00e7 veren \u00fclkede ise azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemize 1923 – 1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu Balkan \u00fclkelerinden olmak \u00fczere 2,2 milyon g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1950’den sonra, ba\u015fta Almanya <\/strong>olmak \u00fczere yurt <\/em>d\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7i gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7, ABD, Avust\u00adralya, Libya, S. Arabistan, Kuveyt ve Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinde <\/strong>i\u015f\u00e7ilerimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den yurt <\/strong>d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7<\/strong> sonucunda;<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclkemize giren i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00f6vizi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclke turizminin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 Artan n\u00fcfusun i\u015fsizlik sorununa k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

En fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 veren \u0130ller:<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mardin, Siirt, Mu\u015f, A\u011fr\u0131, Hakk\u00e2ri,\u00a0 Bing\u00f6l, Kars, Erzincan<\/a>, Tunceli, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Bayburt,\u00a0 Giresun, Artvin,\u00a0 Rize, Trabzon<\/a>, Sivas<\/a>, Yozgat, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, Sinop, Kastamonu<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

En fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 alan iller:<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul<\/a>, \u0130zmit<\/a>, Bursa, Adapazar\u0131, \u0130zmir<\/a>, Antalya, Adana, Mersin, Ankara<\/a>, Gazi\u00adantep, Ayd\u0131n, Denizli<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fme ve seyahat h\u00fcrriyeti Anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madde 23:<\/strong> “Herkes, yerle\u015fme ve seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir.”<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

* Yerle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesini \u00f6nlemek, sosyal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamak, sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00adl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli kentle\u015fmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve kamu mallar\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131la\u00adbilir.<\/p>\n

* Seyahat h\u00fcrriyeti, su\u00e7 soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve su\u00e7 i\u015flemesini \u00f6nlemek ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

* Vatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyeti, \u00fclkenin ekonomik durumu, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u00f6devi ya da ce\u00adza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n

* Vatanda\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilemez ve yurda girme hakk\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizdeki doktor, m\u00fchendis, iktisat\u00e7\u0131, vb. mesleklerden \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilim insan\u0131m\u0131z Avrupa ve ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere gitmektedir. Kariyer sahibi ki\u015filerin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere gitmesi\u00adne “beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc” denir.<\/p>\n

Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler, nitelikli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fclkelerine \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in onlara y\u00fcksek \u00fccret \u00f6demek\u00adtedir.<\/p>\n

* Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* G\u00f6\u00e7 g\u00f6nderen \u00fclkelerde, sanayi ve ticaretin yeterince geli\u015fmemesi sonucu nitelikli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kendine uygun i\u015f bulmakta zorlanmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizden yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitmi\u015f beyin cerrahlar\u0131, kalp cerrahlar\u0131 ve astrofizik\u00e7iler gibi bilim dallar\u0131n\u00adda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n

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