{"id":1746,"date":"2010-04-06T20:40:26","date_gmt":"2010-04-06T18:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1746"},"modified":"2010-04-06T20:40:26","modified_gmt":"2010-04-06T18:40:26","slug":"tarihten-gunumuze-demokrasinin-yolculugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tarihten-gunumuze-demokrasinin-yolculugu.html","title":{"rendered":"Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Demokrasinin Yolculu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Demokrasi s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yunancadan gelir. Eski Yunancada &#8220;demos\u2019 halk, \u2018kratos\u2019 iktidar ya da egemenlik anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, demokrasi halk\u0131n egemenli\u011fini ifade eder. Demokrasinin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke eski Yunanistan\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Demokrasinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015fmesini etkileyen \u00f6nemli unsurlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong> M.<\/strong><strong>\u00d6<\/strong><strong>. 450: <\/strong>Atina&#8217;da Aristo,\u00a0\u00a0 Eflatun ve <strong>Sokrates <\/strong>gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olarak katk\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131 bir \u00e7e\u015fit y\u00f6netim sistemi, siyasi tarihteki yerini ald\u0131. Site<strong>&#8221; <\/strong>denilen \u015fehir devletle\u00adrce kad\u0131nlar ve k\u00f6leler site halk\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kabul ediliyordu. Yeti\u015fkin erkeklerin halk meclisinde konu\u015fma ve oy kullanma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 375<\/strong>:Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda <strong>yurt\u00adta<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>k <\/strong>ve insan haklan kavram\u0131 geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1215: <\/strong>\u0130ngiltere&#8217;de Kral I. John&#8217;un im\u00adzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Magna Carta kral\u0131n yetkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rlarken halka da baz\u0131 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler tan\u0131yordu. Magna Carta ile kral\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetkilerine son verildi. Kimsenin yarg\u0131lanmadan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 ilkesi getirildi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1450: <\/strong>Alman Johann Gutenberg mo\u00addern matbaay\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Matbaan\u0131n geli\u015ftirilme\u00adsiyle birlikte insanlar duygu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve bilgileri\u00adni birbirleriyle payla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu da de\u00admokratik hak ve talepleri h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Matbaan\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi Avrupa&#8217;da R\u00f6nesans ve Reform ha\u00adreketlerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1750: <\/strong>Avrupa ayd\u0131nlanma felsefesiyle anayasal demokrasinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131. Montesqieu (Monteskiyo) g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savu\u00adnuyordu. Jean Jacgues Rousseau (Jan Jak Russo) &#8220;\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik ve karde\u015flik&#8221; slogan\u0131yla 1762 &#8211; 1763 y\u0131llar\u0131nda &#8220;Toplumsal S\u00f6zle\u015fme&#8221;yi yazd\u0131. John Locke (Con Luk) ise ya\u015fama hakk\u0131, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi insanlar\u0131n sahip olmas\u0131 gereken belirli \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri savundu.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1776: <\/strong>Virginia Haklar Bildirgesi&#8217;nde ya\u00ad\u015fam, h\u00fcrriyet ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131yla beraber mut\u00adlulu\u011fu arama hakk\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edildi.<\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em><strong>1789: <\/strong>1789 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa halk\u0131 krala kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131. Bunun sonucunda <strong>Frans<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>z <\/strong><strong>\u0130<\/strong><strong>nsan Bildirgesi <\/strong>yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu bil\u00addiri temel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;h\u00fcrriyet, m\u00fclkiyet, g\u00fc\u00advenlik ve zulme direnme&#8221; olarak tespit etmektedir. E\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve adalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kitleler taraf\u0131ndan telaffuz edildi\u011fi ilk siyasal \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frans<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>z \u0130nsan ve Yurtta<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong> Haklar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong> Bildirge\u00adsi<\/strong>, yaln\u0131zca Frans\u0131zlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan bir bildirgedir. Bu y\u00fczden evrensel niteliktedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1877: <\/strong>\u0130lk T\u00fcrk Meclisi <strong>Mebuslar Meclisi<\/strong> (Genel Meclis) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve iki meclisli olarak 20 Mart 1877 tarihinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1920: <\/strong>23 Nisan 1920 tarihinde <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Ankara\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ankara\" target=\"_blank\">Ankara<\/a>&#8216;da egemenli\u011fin millete ait oldu\u011fu ilk meclis kuruldu. Yurdumuzun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen millet\u00advekilleri burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945: <\/strong>II- D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren devletler s\u00fcrekli bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir araya gelerek <strong>Birle<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>mi<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong> Milletler <\/strong>\u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu ve 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Antla\u015fmas\u0131 im\u00adzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>t\u00bb Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ekonomik ve Sosyal Konseyi&#8217;nin 11 Aral\u0131k 1946 tarihli ilk oturumunda i\u00e7inde insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n yer alaca\u011f\u0131 bir belge ha\u00adz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu olu\u015fturuldu. Komisyonda ha\u00adz\u0131rlanan taslak 10 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihinde genel ku\u00adrul taraf\u0131ndan <strong>\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi <\/strong>olarak kabul ve ilan edildi. Bildirge insan haklar\u0131na ve temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere sayg\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve geli\u015ftirmek yolunda at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989: <\/strong>Almanya&#8217;da bulunan Berlin duvar\u0131\u00adn\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 bu \u00fclkelerde demokrasinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995: <\/strong>\u0130nternet kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130n\u00adternet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya \u00fcze\u00adrinde insanlar\u0131n birbirleriyle ileti\u015fimi artt\u0131 ve fikirle\u00adrin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000: <\/strong>D\u00fcnyadaki 192 \u00fclkeden se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelen demokratik \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131 120&#8217;ye ula\u015f\u00adt\u0131. Bu rakam d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k %60&#8217;\u0131na denk gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\"><a class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" href=\"http:\/\/reblog.zemanta.com\/zemified\/37def269-5403-4eda-bfa5-166be92e42e5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none; float: right;\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/reblog_e.png?x-id=37def269-5403-4eda-bfa5-166be92e42e5\" alt=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" \/><\/a><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><br \/>\n<script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demokrasi s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yunancadan gelir. Eski Yunancada &#8220;demos\u2019 halk, \u2018kratos\u2019 iktidar ya da egemenlik anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, demokrasi halk\u0131n egemenli\u011fini ifade eder. Demokrasinin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke eski Yunanistan\u2019d\u0131r. Demokrasinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015fmesini etkileyen \u00f6nemli unsurlar \u015funlard\u0131r: M.\u00d6. 450: Atina&#8217;da Aristo,\u00a0\u00a0 Eflatun ve Sokrates gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olarak katk\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131 bir \u00e7e\u015fit y\u00f6netim sistemi, siyasi &#8230; <a title=\"Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Demokrasinin Yolculu\u011fu\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tarihten-gunumuze-demokrasinin-yolculugu.html\" aria-label=\"More on Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Demokrasinin Yolculu\u011fu\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1746\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}