{"id":1725,"date":"2010-04-06T20:22:15","date_gmt":"2010-04-06T18:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiyede-tarim.html"},"modified":"2010-04-06T20:22:15","modified_gmt":"2010-04-06T18:22:15","slug":"turkiyede-tarim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiyede-tarim.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Tar\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ama\u00adc\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyerek \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmesine denir. Bu faaliyet, topraktan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin elde edilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve ormanc\u0131l\u0131k fa\u00adaliyetlerini de kapsar. \u00dclkemizde n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 (% 48,4) ge\u00e7imini tar\u0131mla sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ta\u00adr<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>m olanaklar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong> art<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rmak i<\/strong><strong>\u00e7<\/strong><strong>in;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sulama, g\u00fcbreleme, tohum \u0131slah\u0131na \u00f6nem verildi.<\/li>\n<li>Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme ile birlikte modern tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ziraat Bankas\u0131, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi ve Tar\u0131m Kredi Kooperatifleri kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) ile F\u0131\u00adrat ve Dicle nehirleri \u00fczerinde barajlar, hidroelek\u00adtrik santralleri ve sulama tesisleri yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>mda Verimi Etkileyen Fakt<\/strong><strong>\u00f6<\/strong><strong>rler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1- Toprak ve bak<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Topraktan en verimli \u015fekilde yararlanmak i\u00e7in teknolojik yeniliklerin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir. Topra\u011f\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131; topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u00e7apalanmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 otlardan ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, erozyonla m\u00fc\u00adcadele ile sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2- Sulama:<\/strong> Su, bitkiler i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli besin maddesidir. Topra\u011f\u0131n uygun zamanlarda ve yete\u00adrince sulanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dclkemizde \u00f6zellikle<strong> \u0130\u00e7 <\/strong><strong>Anadolu, G<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>neydo<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>u Anadolu<\/strong> ve <strong>Do<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>u Anadolu <\/strong>b\u00f6lgelerinde sulama s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla olma\u00ads\u0131 sebebiyle tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. <strong>Nadas, <\/strong>yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde tarlan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcle\u00adrek, suyunu biriktirmesi i\u00e7in bir y\u0131l bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lma\u00ads\u0131d\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131n nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme\u00adnin tek yolu ise sulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00dc<\/strong><strong>lkemizde tar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>m alanlar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nda sulama yayg<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nla<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>l<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rsa;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dcretimde s\u00fcreklilik ve art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nadas y\u00f6ntemi b\u0131rak\u0131larak toprak her y\u0131l kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 araziden y\u0131lda birden fazla tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<p>e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7ift\u00e7inin \u00fcretim geliri artar.<\/p>\n<p>f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sebze yeti\u015ftirilen alanlar geni\u015fler.<\/p>\n<p>g)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sanayi bitkilerinin ekim alanlar\u0131 geni\u015fler.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3- G<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>breleme: <\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n besin ve mineral bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zenginle\u015ftirilmesidir. Topra\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcbrelenmesi sonucunda birim alandan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>4- Tohum \u0131slah\u0131:<\/strong> \u00dclke \u015fartlar\u0131na en uygun tohumu \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara denir. \u00dclkemizdeki Tohum Islah\u0131 \u0130stasyonlar\u0131, Devlet Tar\u0131m \u0130\u015fletmeleri, Devlet \u00dcretme \u00c7iftlikleri ve Zi\u00adraat Fak\u00fclteleri gibi kurulu\u015flar kaliteli tohum elde etmek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5- Makinele<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>me: <\/strong>\u00dcretim i\u015flemlerinin geli\u015f\u00admi\u015f ara\u00e7larla yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme sonucunda toprak daha iyi ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u015flenir. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve verim artar.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 429px; height: 36px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"331\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><strong>UYARI: Engebenin fazla oldu<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>u Karadeniz ve Do<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>u Anadolu b<\/strong><strong>\u00f6<\/strong><strong>lgelerinde tar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>mda makine kullan<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong> olduk<\/strong><strong>\u00e7<\/strong><strong>a s<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rl<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>d<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>r.<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6- \u0130la\u00e7lama:<\/strong> Tar\u0131mda verimi ve kaliteyi art\u0131r\u00admak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131k ve b\u00f6ceklere kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7la\u00adma yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7- Toprak analizi:<\/strong> Yap\u0131lan toprak analizi ile topra\u011f\u0131n hangi t\u00fcr bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirilmesine elve\u00adri\u015fli oldu\u011fu belirlenir.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8- \u00c7<\/strong><strong>ift<\/strong><strong>\u00e7<\/strong><strong>inin E<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>itimi: <\/strong>Verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fckseltilmesi gerekir. \u00c7ift\u00e7i, hangi tar\u0131m aletini nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bil\u00admeli, hangi tohumun kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve ne kadar g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda gerekli olan bil\u00adgiye mutlaka sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9-<\/strong> <strong>Pazarlama: <\/strong>\u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmadan t\u00fcketim ya da i\u015fleme merkezlerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p sat\u0131lmas\u0131na pazarlama denir. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmesini engellemek i\u00e7in devlet, \u00e7ift\u00e7i\u00adye \u00f6nceden taban fiyattan \u00fcr\u00fcn alma garantisi ve\u00adrir. Bu uygulamaya destekleme al\u0131m\u0131 denir. Ta\u00adh\u0131llar ve \u015feker pancar\u0131 gibi temel besin maddele\u00adri destekleme al\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131\u00adlan en b\u00fcy\u00fck proje G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) dir. Bu proje ile F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirleri \u00fcze\u00adrinde yap\u0131lan barajlarla sulama sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00admesi ve \u00fcretimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>* <\/strong>Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi&#8217;nde \u00f6nemli tar\u0131m yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar; \u00fcreticilerden \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131n al\u0131p depolayan Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi, Ziraat Bankas\u0131, Tar\u0131m Kredi Kooperatifleri gibi kurulu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ama\u00adc\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyerek \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmesine denir. Bu faaliyet, topraktan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin elde edilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve ormanc\u0131l\u0131k fa\u00adaliyetlerini de kapsar. \u00dclkemizde n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 (% 48,4) ge\u00e7imini tar\u0131mla sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ta\u00adr\u0131m olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in; Sulama, g\u00fcbreleme, tohum \u0131slah\u0131na \u00f6nem verildi. Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme ile birlikte modern tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. &#8230; <a title=\"T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Tar\u0131m\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiyede-tarim.html\" aria-label=\"More on T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Tar\u0131m\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1725"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1725\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}