{"id":1692,"date":"2010-04-04T22:18:21","date_gmt":"2010-04-04T20:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1692"},"modified":"2010-04-04T22:18:21","modified_gmt":"2010-04-04T20:18:21","slug":"harita-bilgisi-ve-harita-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/harita-bilgisi-ve-harita-cesitleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Harita Bilgisi ve Harita \u00c7e\u015fitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>HAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ya da belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ve belirlenmi\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclerek bir d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haline <strong>harita<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n<p>Harita \u00e7izilirken \u015fu hususlara dikkat edilmelidir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haritay\u0131 hangi ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirlemeliyiz.<\/li>\n<li>Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda bize uygun olan \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi se\u00e7meliyiz.<\/li>\n<li>Haritaya uygun bir isim koymal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00f6nleri d\u00fczg\u00fcn bi\u00e7imde kullanabilmek i\u00e7in, daima kuzeyi g\u00f6sterir bir y\u00f6n oku kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Lejand b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lejand<\/strong>: Haritalarda kullan\u0131lan sembol ve i\u015faretlerin ne anlama geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steren tablodur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plan:<\/strong> Plan en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritalard\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanlara ili\u015fkin detayl\u0131 bilgi verir. Okullar, al\u0131\u015fve\u00adri\u015f merkezleri, parklar plan ile g\u00f6sterilirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kroki: <\/strong>Bir yerin ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn belli bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe uymadan kabataslak \u00e7izimine denir. \u00d6l\u00e7eksiz olduklar\u0131ndan harita de\u011fildir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman bir yerin adresini tarif etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uyar\u0131:<\/strong> Planlarda ve haritalarda belli bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kroki\u00adlerde \u00f6l\u00e7ek yoktur.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>HAR\u0130TA \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">I. KULLANIM AMA\u00c7LARINA G\u00d6RE HAR\u0130TALAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Haritalar kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A)\u00a0 Genel Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toplumun her kesimi taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan haritalard\u0131r. Topografya haritalar\u0131, atlas haritalar\u0131, duvar haritalar\u0131, ansiklopedik haritalar, \u015fehir haritalar\u0131 ve turist haritalar\u0131 bu gruba girer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong> <strong>Fiziki Haritalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yer \u015fekillerini (da\u011f, ova, plato, vadi vb.) g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-\u00a0 Siyasi ve \u0130dari Haritalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u0131talar\u0131n, \u00fclkelerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalar <strong>siyasi<\/strong> haritalard\u0131r. \u00dclke i\u00e7indeki il, il\u00e7e, kasa\u00adba ve k\u00f6y gibi idari birimler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalara da <strong>idari haritalar <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3-\u00a0 Be\u015feri ve Ekonomik Haritalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00fcfus miktar\u0131n\u0131, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7leri, insanlar\u0131n milliyetlerini, dinlerini, dil\u00adlerini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ait \u00f6zelliklerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalara <strong>be\u015feri haritalar <\/strong>denir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ekonomik faaliyetlerini ve bu ekonomik faaliyetlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerek\u00adli olan mal ve hizmetlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalara <strong>ekonomik haritalar <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>B)\u00a0 \u00d6zel Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu t\u00fcr haritalar herhangi bir konuyu detaylar\u0131yla g\u00f6steren, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uzmanla\u015fma isteyen haritalard\u0131r. Belirli bir alanda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi ya da kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6zel ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f jeoloji, meteoroloji, toprak, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi haritalar\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">II. \u00d6L\u00c7EKLER\u0130NE G\u00d6RE HAR\u0130TALAR <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A) B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalarda, yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekilleri daha az k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclerek d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u00addan daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1- Plan: <\/strong>\u00d6l\u00e7ekleri 1\/20.000&#8217;e kadar olan haritalard\u0131r. Planlar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131 g\u00f6sterme g\u00fcc\u00fc daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong> <strong>Topografya haritalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6l\u00e7ekleri 1\/20.000 ile 1\/200.000 aras\u0131nda olan haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B)\u00a0 Orta \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\/200.000 ile 1\/500.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen haritalard\u0131r. Duvar haritalar\u0131 orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C)\u00a0 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6l\u00e7ekleri 1\/500.000&#8217;den daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan haritalard\u0131r. Atlaslar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalar aras\u0131ndaki fark<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck   \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p><strong>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck   \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>Paydas\u0131   k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>Paydas\u0131   b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme   oran\u0131 azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme   oran\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131   fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131   azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>Hata   oran\u0131 azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>Hata   oran\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>Daha   k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>Daha   geni\u015f alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"216\">\n<p>Ayn\u0131   alan \u00e7izildi\u011finde harita alan\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"195\">\n<p>Ayn\u0131   alan \u00e7izildi\u011finde harita alan\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00d6L\u00c7EK<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">: <\/span>Haritadaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme oran\u0131na <strong>\u00f6l\u00e7ek <\/strong>denir. \u00d6l\u00e7ek, harita uzunlu\u011fu ile ger\u00e7ek uzunlu\u011fun birbi\u00adrine oran\u0131d\u0131r. Bir haritan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi iki \u015fekilde g\u00f6ste\u00adrilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Kesir \u00d6l\u00e7ek<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">: <\/span>Haritalarda uygulanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme oran\u0131 ke\u00adsirle ifade edilir. Kesir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte pay daima 1 ile g\u00f6sterilir. 1\/100 000, 1\/2 000 000 gibi paydadaki say\u0131, \u00e7izimin ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>Kesir \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde, \u00f6l\u00e7ek ile \u00f6l\u00e7ek paydas\u0131 aras\u0131nda ters orant\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fin paydas\u0131 b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e \u00f6l\u00e7ek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, \u00f6l\u00e7ek paydas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e \u00f6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00c7izgi \u00d6l\u00e7ek: <\/span><\/strong>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izgi \u015feklinde g\u00f6steril\u00addi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdir. E\u015fit aral\u0131klara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00e7iz\u00adgi \u00fczerinde, aral\u0131klar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne kadar uzakl\u0131\u00ad\u011fa e\u015fit oldu\u011fu belirtilir.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"22\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\">\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\">\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\">\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\">\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\">\n<p>60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"67\">\n<p>80    km<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>1cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"45\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr height=\"0\">\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"22\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"45\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00f6l\u00e7ekte, haritadaki 1  cm&#8217;lik uzunluk, arazide 2 000 000 cm&#8217;yi yani 20 km&#8217;yi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Haritalarda genellikle \u00e7izgi ve kesir \u00f6l\u00e7ek birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7izgi \u00f6l\u00e7ek, kesir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun nedeni harita, foto\u011fraf veya fotokopi ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcp b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclse de \u00e7izgi \u00f6l\u00ad\u00e7e\u011fin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi uzunluklar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmemesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7izgi \u00f6l\u00e7ek de ayn\u0131 oranda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ya da belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ve belirlenmi\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclerek bir d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haline harita denir. Harita \u00e7izilirken \u015fu hususlara dikkat edilmelidir: Haritay\u0131 hangi ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirlemeliyiz. Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda bize uygun olan \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi se\u00e7meliyiz. Haritaya uygun bir isim koymal\u0131y\u0131z. Y\u00f6nleri d\u00fczg\u00fcn bi\u00e7imde kullanabilmek i\u00e7in, daima kuzeyi &#8230; <a title=\"Harita Bilgisi ve Harita \u00c7e\u015fitleri\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/harita-bilgisi-ve-harita-cesitleri.html\" aria-label=\"More on Harita Bilgisi ve Harita \u00c7e\u015fitleri\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,7,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1692"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1692"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1692\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}