T\u00fcrkiye, bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkelerinden biridir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 9.000 den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut oldu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde, y\u00fcksek da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131ndan, baz\u0131 tropik bitkilere; bozk\u0131rlardan, i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ve geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki topluluklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinde hi\u00e7 bulunmayan \u00fclkemize has (endemik) bitki t\u00fcrleri de bitki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin bu kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki t\u00fcrlerine sahip olmas\u0131nda baz\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu fakt\u00f6rlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ku\u015fkusuz iklim gelmektedir. Bulundu\u011fu konum itibariyle \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim \u00f6zelliklerine sahip olan \u00fclkemizde, bu iklim \u00f6zellikleri, farkl\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrlerinin yeti\u015fmesine imk\u00e2n vermi\u015ftir, iklim elemanlar\u0131ndan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ile g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresi, bitkilerin yeti\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok etkilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00f6zellikle yaz mevsiminde g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 seven, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 makiler geni\u015f yer kaplar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Do\u011fu Karadenizde sisli \u2013 bulutlu ortamlar\u0131 seven ladin, \u015fim\u015fir, f\u0131nd\u0131k gibi bitkiler yeti\u015febilmektedir. \u0130klim elemanlar\u0131ndan ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da bitki topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fmesi ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oyar. Bitkiler, su isteklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimlerinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi alanlarda, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrler h\u00e2linde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, maki toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde yer alan defne\u00bb kocayemi\u015f, zakkum gibi bitkiler, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde yeti\u015febilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, su ihtiyac\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir bitki olan \u00e7\u0131nar ise genellikle suyun bol oldu\u011fu alanlarda ve 1000 mden daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yeti\u015febilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olan di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler ise y\u00fckselti. Jeolojik yap\u0131 ile y\u00fczey \u015fekilleridir. Y\u00fckselti, bitkilerin hayat alan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir etkendir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fckselti artt\u0131k\u00e7a, havadaki su buhar\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k azalmakta, belli bir y\u00fckseltiden sonra ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da farkl\u0131 y\u00fckseltilerde farkl\u0131 bitkiler yeti\u015febilmektedir. Bitkiler i\u00e7in bir durak yeri ve besin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan topraklar\u0131n fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri de bitkilerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, baz\u0131 bitkiler, \u00f6zel toprak \u015fartlar\u0131nda yeti\u015febilmektedir.<\/p>\n
F\u0131st\u0131k \u00e7am\u0131, dana \u00e7ok volkanik ta\u015flar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan kumlu topraklarda yeti\u015fir. Bu sebeple f\u0131st\u0131k \u00e7am\u0131 uygun topraklar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayd\u0131n ve Manisa \u00e7evresi ile Nur da\u011flar\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fmektedir. Akdeniz k\u00f6kenli bir bitki olan k\u0131z\u0131lcam. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ve Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak vadisindeki baz\u0131 kuytu alanlarda yerel olarak yeti\u015fir. Yine bir Akdeniz bitkisi olan zeytin de Artvinde \u00c7oruh \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 vadisindeki kuytu alanlarda yeti\u015ftirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikler:<\/strong> Endemik bitkiler:Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde sadece belirli bir b\u00f6lgede yeti\u015fen bitki topluluklar\u0131na denir. \u00dclkemizin yer \u015fekillerinin \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesi ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00f6nemli iklim de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 endemik t\u00fcrler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zenginle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak s\u0131cak iklimlerde yeti\u015fen ama \u00fclkemizde Toroslar\u0131n g\u00fcneye bakan s\u0131cak yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda yeti\u015fme ortam\u0131 bulabilen bitkilerdir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zamanda geni\u015f alanlar kaplayan baz\u0131 bitkiler ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ve yer \u015fekillerinin de etkisiyle baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kalabilmi\u015ftir. Kasnak me\u015fesi Dedeg\u00f6l ve Davras da\u011flar\u0131nda yar alan karstik \u00e7ukurlarda, S\u0131\u011fla a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 K\u00f6yce\u011fiz g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde, Dat\u00e7a hurmas\u0131 Teke ve Dat\u00e7a yar\u0131madalar\u0131nda, Kazda\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6knar\u0131 Kaz da\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130spir me\u015fesi Kastamonu ve Yozgat \u00e7evresinde yeti\u015fir.<\/p>\n Geni\u015f Yaprakl\u0131lar: Kay\u0131n,Kestane,Me\u015fe, Di\u015fbudak,Ihlamur, Kavak \n\u00dcLKEM\u0130ZDE B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dcN\u00dcN ZENG\u0130N OLMASI \u015eU FAKT\u00d6RLERE BA\u011eLIDIR;<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130klim etkisi: Karadeniz\u2019de da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinde-geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 orman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, Karadeniz\u2019de da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckseklerinde i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 orman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Akdeniz\u2019de kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkiler, i\u00e7 kesimlerde bozk\u0131rlar vard\u0131r. Y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinin etkisi: Da\u011f ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ormanlar birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: K.Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da nemli ve \u0131l\u0131man geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131, yukar\u0131da ise i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 orman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde ise kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 fazla g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 isteyen kurak\u00e7\u0131l bitkiler yeti\u015fir. Yine y\u00fckseltinin artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rnek: Toroslarda 1000m\u2019ye kadar, kurakl\u0131k isteyen K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 yeti\u015firken, daha sonra so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 sedir ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Toprak ve Ana Materyalin Etkisi: Bitkilerin besin maddesi iste\u011fi ve k\u00f6k geli\u015fim \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bitkiler kire\u00e7li arazileri, baz\u0131 bitkiler yumu\u015fak ve kumlu ana materyalleri tercih eder. Tuzlu topraklarda F\u0131st\u0131k \u00e7am\u0131, ve sar\u0131\u00e7am yeti\u015fmez, bunlar kumlu topraklarda yeti\u015fir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan etkisi: \u00dclkemizde medeniyetler eskiden beri geli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ok tahrip edilmi\u015ftir. Akdeniz\u2019de k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini \u00e7al\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, \u0130\u00e7 ve D.Anadolu ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini bozk\u0131rlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fmeleri: 4. Jeolojik zamanda, so\u011fuk ve az ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 devirde Avrupa ve Sibirya\u2019da yeti\u015fen bitkiler Anadolu\u2019da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131cak ve nemli devirde Akdeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesinde yeti\u015fen bitkiler Anadolu\u2019nun kuzeyine kadar ilerlemi\u015ftir. Yurdumuzda ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeti\u015fmi\u015f baz\u0131 bitkilerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi, daha \u00f6nceden yeti\u015fmi\u015f olan bitkilerin tamamen ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle \u00fclkemizdeki bitkilerin \u00fc\u00e7te biri kal\u0131nt\u0131 bitkilere aittir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bitkilere Endemik bitkiler denmektedir.<\/p>\n \nORMANLAR: <\/strong>Ormanlar geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131,i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131, bazen de kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k orman gibi gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ormanlar iklim ve toprak \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgemizde yeti\u015fir.1)KARADEN\u0130Z ORMANLARI:<\/p>\n Bu b\u00f6lgede iki farkl\u0131 orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Birincisi Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca nemli ve \u0131l\u0131man iklimde yeti\u015fen geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 orman, ikincisi da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckseklerinde nemli ve so\u011fuk iklimde yeti\u015fen i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 orman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ormanlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinin fazla olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sebebi iklimin uygunlu\u011fudur. D.Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00fclkemizdeki bitki t\u00fcrlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (6 bin \u00e7e\u015fit)<\/p>\n a-Geni\u015f Yaprakl\u0131 Orman: Bat\u0131da y\u0131ld\u0131z da\u011flar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak do\u011fuda G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar da\u011flar\u0131n kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda 1000m\u2019ye kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer al\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kerler. Bu orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda; kay\u0131n, kestane, g\u00fcrgen, \u0131hlamur, ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7, karaa\u011fa\u00e7, me\u015fe, k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 ve di\u015fbudak t\u00fcrleri bulunur.Ormanlardaki a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri bazen tek, bazen toplu \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Y\u0131ld\u0131z da\u011flar\u0131nda me\u015fe, kay\u0131n, g\u00fcrgen yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bat\u0131 ve orta Karadeniz ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda, kestane, kay\u0131n ve g\u00fcrgen yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Kay\u0131n kerestesi \u00f6zellikle mobilyac\u0131l\u0131kta ve kaplamac\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Do\u011fu K. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise, k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 ormanlar\u0131 hakimdir. Yama\u00e7larda \u0131hlamur, kestane ve kay\u0131n ormanlar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n Geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 Tropikal Ormanlar<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgedeki kay\u0131n ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda a\u011fa\u00e7\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00e7al\u0131larda bulunur. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7c\u0131klar\u0131, orman g\u00fcl\u00fc, f\u0131nd\u0131k, \u00fcvez, kayac\u0131k, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k ve \u015fim\u015fir olu\u015fturur. Orman g\u00fcl\u00fc daha \u00e7ok. Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde hakimdir.<\/p>\n Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki ormanlarda, nadiren an\u0131t a\u011fa\u00e7larda vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: Bat\u0131 K.\u2019de Yenice kasabas\u0131nda kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdeli (Istranca meyvesi) bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca Porsuk ve F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Yenice \u00e7evresi, tabiat\u0131 koruma alan\u0131 olarak ilan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinin odun ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7atalca ve Kocaeli platolar\u0131ndaki ve y\u0131ld\u0131z da\u011flar\u0131ndaki Demirk\u00f6y me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n b-Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar: Orta ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde kuzey yama\u00e7larda 1000-1500m aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan kay\u0131n, i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131lardan k\u00f6knar ve sar\u0131cam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n c-\u0130\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar: Da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde 1000-2000 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130kiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n 1) Ordu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131nda sar\u0131\u00e7am, k\u00f6knar, ve kara\u00e7amlardan olu\u015fanlar.<\/p>\n 2) D.Karadeniz\u2019de Ladinlerin hakim oldu\u011fu ormanlar.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6knar, sar\u0131cam, saf ladin ormanlar\u0131, Ardanu\u00e7 ve \u015eav\u015fat dolaylar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.Yaz\u0131n do\u011fu Karadeniz fazla sisli ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir ortam olu\u015fturur. Sisli ortamlar\u0131 seven a\u011fa\u00e7lar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n K.Anadolu da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fir. Ka\u00e7kar, Ilgaz, Bolu ve K\u00f6ro\u011flu da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015fi seven sar\u0131\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 hakimdir. Bolu, Gerede aras\u0131nda ve Kastamonu\u2019da kara\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Al\u00e7ak oluklar\u0131n tabanlar\u0131nda Erbaa, Niksar olu\u011fu, G\u00f6k\u0131rmak ve Devrez vadilerinin g\u00fcney alt yama\u00e7lar\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Not: Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biride ot topluluklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2) BATI ANADOLU ORMANLARI: Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da y\u00fckselti ve bak\u0131n\u0131n etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ekolojik \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 orman toplulu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n a-K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131: K\u0131y\u0131 ile 600-800m\u2019ye kadar olan sahada i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlard\u0131r.S\u0131cakl\u0131k iste\u011fi fazla olup, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am Akdenizde en iyi yeti\u015fen a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r.Ege de k\u0131y\u0131dan 600 800m\u2019ye kadar yeti\u015fir.Bu ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z en fazla Ege de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fti\u011fi sahalarda makiler yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.Edremit ,Burhaniye \u2013Havran aras\u0131nda ve g\u00fcney Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda geni\u015f zeytinlikler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n b-Kara\u00e7am Ormanlar\u0131: Yaz\u0131,serin ve g\u00fcne\u015fli, k\u0131\u015f\u0131 karl\u0131 olan ortamlarda yeti\u015fir.Bu nedenle; y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda Dursunbey, Demirci,U\u015fak, ve K\u00fctahya \u00e7evresi, Bozda\u011flar, Ayd\u0131n ve mente\u015fe da\u011flar\u0131nda kara\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 geni\u015f yer tutar. Kaz da\u011f\u0131nda da \u00e7ok geni\u015f sahalar kaplar. (Kozak \/Bergama) ve Ka\u00e7arl\u0131 (Ayd\u0131n) dolaylar\u0131ndaki kumlu topraklarda F\u0131st\u0131k \u00e7am\u0131 ormanlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n c-Me\u015fe Ormanlar\u0131: Da\u011flar\u0131n alt seviyelerinde ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu platolar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n d-Kay\u0131n ormanlar\u0131: Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde Samanl\u0131, Uluda\u011f, Domani\u00e7 Kap\u0131da\u011f\u0131 ve Kazda\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeye bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda, ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 And. \u015eaphane ve Murat Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzeye bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Sebebi yaz\u0131n nemli hava olmas\u0131.Uluda\u011f\u2019da dikey y\u00f6nde birden fazla orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bulunur. Uluda\u011f\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde altta maki ve kestane, \u00fcstte me\u015fe, kay\u0131n, k\u00f6knar ve kara\u00e7am bulunurken g\u00fcneyde, alttan \u00fcste do\u011fru, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, me\u015fe, kara\u00e7am ve sar\u0131\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 3- AKDEN\u0130Z ORMANLARI: a) Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ormanlar\u0131: K\u0131y\u0131dan, Toros Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n 1000 m \u2019ye kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131nda, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am Ormanlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 yerlerde h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcr; o y\u00fczden \u00fclkemizin en h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen orman\u0131d\u0131r. Re\u00e7inesi fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kolay yanar. Bu nedenle orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u00f6yce\u011fiz g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde, g\u00f6vdesinden ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve kozmetik sanayiinde kullan\u0131lan S\u0131\u011fla a\u011fac\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ormanlar bulunur. Bunlar sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeti\u015fir.<\/p>\n b)Akdeniz Da\u011f Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Ormanlar\u0131: K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde 2000m\u2019ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu sahada kara\u00e7am, sedir ve k\u00f6knarlardan olu\u015fun i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar hakim durumdad\u0131r. Akdeniz da\u011f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda sedir ormanlar\u0131 geni\u015f saha kaplar. Bunlar do\u011fuda, Mara\u015f (Ah\u0131r Da\u011f) ba\u015flar bat\u0131da Denizli\u2019deki \u00c7al da\u011f\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. Kerestesi \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetlidir. Eskiden sedir a\u011fac\u0131ndan tap\u0131naklar, saraylar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu ormanlar \u00e7ok tahrip edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Akdeniz da\u011f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir orman\u0131n\u0131 Toros k\u00f6knar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Do\u011fuda Nur Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Burdur\u2019da (Bucak) aras\u0131nda bulunur. Bunlar g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sevmedi\u011finden kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131: Toros da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde yayg\u0131n durumdad\u0131r. Adana\u2019n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda, Bey\u015fehir g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde ve Teke yar\u0131madas\u0131nda g\u00fcr kara\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Kerestesi de\u011ferli oldu\u011fundan mobilya, kap\u0131 ve pencere yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131: Bey\u015fehir ve E\u011firdir g\u00f6lleri \u00e7evresi ile Nur da\u011f\u0131 ve K.Mara\u015f- Pazarc\u0131k aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Sadece \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclen Kasnak me\u015fesi, Davras da\u011f\u0131nda yeti\u015fir. Toros da\u011flar\u0131ndaki sedir ve karacam ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde Ard\u0131\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ard\u0131\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131na Ta\u015feli Platosu G\u00f6ller y\u00f6resi Teke yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Mara\u015f\u2019ta g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Nur da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, \u0130skenderun k\u00f6rfezine ve kuzeye bakan yama\u00e7larda geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 kay\u0131n, me\u015fe ve g\u00fcrgen ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu ormanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Karadeniz\u2019e ait, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, f\u0131nd\u0131k, porsuk, \u0131hlamur ve ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7 bulunur.<\/p>\n 4) DO\u011eU VE \u0130\u00c7 ANADOLU ORMANLARI: Bu b\u00f6lgelerimizde nispeten kurakl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ormanlar yeti\u015fir. Bu ormanlar, g\u00fcr de\u011fil, seyrektir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ormanlar me\u015fe, kara\u00e7am, ve ard\u0131\u00e7lardan olu\u015fur. \u0130\u00e7 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 hakimdir.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da: G\u00fcr me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 Tunceli, P\u00f6t\u00fcrge, Bing\u00f6l dolaylar\u0131nda ve G.Do\u011fu Toroslarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu ormanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, yakacak odun sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kesilmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tahrip edilmektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da: Da\u011flar\u0131n 1000-2000m\u2019ler aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Toroslar\u0131n kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile K. Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fcst yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda kara\u00e7am, eteklere do\u011fru ise kara\u00e7am ve me\u015fe\u2019den olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k orman bulunur. Kuzeyde Akda\u011f madeni, Erzincan-Refahiye aras\u0131ndaki da\u011flarda Sar\u0131\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Toroslarda; Antep Platosu, Mardin( Maz\u0131da\u011f\u0131) ve Karacada\u011f dolaylar\u0131nda me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi Ormanlar\u0131: Kilis-Gaziantep aras\u0131nda k\u0131z\u0131lcam, yabani f\u0131st\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilen Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Kilis dolaylar\u0131nda Zeytin ,Siirt da\u011flar\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am topluluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n ORMANLARIN FAYDALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n 1- Odun ve kereste ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n 2- E\u011fimli yama\u00e7larda erozyonu \u00f6nler<\/p>\n 3- Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dinlenme ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131za cevap verir.<\/p>\n 4- Yurt savunmas\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n 5- Yabani ve \u00f6zellikle av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n 6- Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131 yer alt\u0131na toplar,bunlar\u0131nda kaynaklar halinde \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n 7- Havadaki oksijen ve karbondioksit dengesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n Not: Ormanlardan s\u00fcrekli faydalanmak i\u00e7in ormanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel ilkesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n a-Ormanlar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi<\/p>\n b-Devaml\u0131 korunmas\u0131<\/p>\n c-\u0130\u015fletilmesi<\/p>\n Ormanlar\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 on ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplar\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n a) DO\u011eAL DENGEY\u0130 SA\u011eLAR :<\/strong><\/p>\n E\u011fimli sahalarda ormanlar topra\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fc \u015feklinde sararak topraklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Toprak tabakas\u0131na sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6kleri ile suyun derinlere s\u0131zmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kanalc\u0131klar olu\u015fturur.B\u00f6ylece ormanl\u0131k sahalara d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar topra\u011fa s\u0131zar ve oradan yer alt\u0131 suyuna, derelere ve kaynaklara kavu\u015fur.<\/p>\n Ormanlar\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6nemli taraf\u0131,do\u011fadaki besin maddelerinin dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen dal ve yapraklar; bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan organik maddeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.Organik madde, topraktaki bitki besin maddesini art\u0131rarak bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn daha iyi geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Di\u011fer taraftan topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015fan organik madde toprakta g\u00f6zenekli bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur.Bu da ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n topra\u011fa s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n b)ORMANLAR D\u0130NLEND\u0130R\u0130C\u0130 ETK\u0130 YAPAR :<\/strong><\/p>\n Orman i\u00e7i mesire yerleri ve milli park alanlar\u0131, \u00f6nemli dinlenme yerleridir. \u00dclkemizde son y\u0131llarda \u00f6nemli milli parklar kurulmu\u015ftur.Bunlar;Yozgat \u00e7aml\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ka\u00e7kar Adana(so\u011fuksu),K\u0131z\u0131lcahamam, Ku\u015f Cenneti, Uluda\u011f,Yedig\u00f6ller,Dilek yar\u0131madas\u0131(Ayd\u0131n). Spil da\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f(Yalva\u00e7), Termosos, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kanyon, Olimpos, Beyda\u011flar\u0131, Alt\u0131nbe\u015fik ma\u011faras\u0131 (Antalya)Kovada (Isparta), Mercan vadisi, Ma\u00e7ka, Alt\u0131ndere, Hatilla vadisi, Bey\u015fehir,Karag\u00f6l, Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131 (Ad\u0131yaman), Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k (Afyon), Honaz Da\u011f\u0131 (Denizli)<\/p>\n c)ODUN, KERESTE VE BAZI SANAY\u0130 KOLLARINA HAM MADDE SA\u011eLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n Ormanlardan yakacak odun ve kereste \u00fcretilir.Y\u0131lda ortalama 6-8 milyon m3 tomruk elde edilir. Bunlar in\u015faatta, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretiminde,ambalaj sanayisinde, maden ocaklar\u0131nda destek ,PTT ve enerji hatlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nma dire\u011fi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7amdan elde edilen re\u00e7ine, kimya sanayiinde, boya yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan odun ve kereste \u00fcretimi orman i\u015fletmelerine yap\u0131l\u0131r.Odunu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yakacak olarak evlerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r.Evlerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda enerjinin be\u015fte biri odundan sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131., korunan ormanlar ve verimli parklar hari\u00e7 i\u015fletmemiz gereklidir. Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z, orman i\u00e7inde ve orman kenar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerimizin \u00f6nemli gelir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6ylerimizin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi orman i\u00e7inde ve kenar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.N\u00fcfusumuzun onda biri ormanlardan yararlanmaktad\u0131r.Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile de ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za i\u015f temin eden do\u011fal kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n B \u2013 MAK\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Akdeniz iklimi etkisindeki k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde insanlar\u0131n tahrip etti\u011fi orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yerinde olu\u015fan bitki toplulu\u011fudur. Makiler \u00e7al\u0131 yada a\u011fa\u00e7\u00e7\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r. (Tesbih, Sandal, Zakkum, Delice Zeytin, Kocayemi\u015f, Ke\u00e7iboynuzu v.s. baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. ) Makiler t\u00fcm k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak G\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan Kuzeye do\u011fru y\u00fckselti basamaklar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri de\u011fi\u015fir. (enlemin etkisi) Akdeniz\u2019de 800-1000m lere Ege\u2019de 500-600m lere Marmara\u2019da ise 300m\u2019ye kadar yeti\u015febilirler. Karadeniz\u2019de ise Yalanc\u0131 Maki dedi\u011fimiz Garigler yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n C \u2013 BOZKIR<\/strong> D \u2013 DA\u011e \u00c7AYIRLARI (Alpin \u00c7ay\u0131rlar\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n Ormanlar\u0131n yeti\u015femeyece\u011fi kadar so\u011fuk ve az nemli y\u00fckseltilerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen yaz\u0131n ye\u015feren k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kar alt\u0131nda kalan so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ot topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r.Erzurum kars b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek yerlerinde yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131kca g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.B\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fcrkiye, bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkelerinden biridir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 9.000 den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut oldu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde, y\u00fcksek da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131ndan, baz\u0131 tropik bitkilere; bozk\u0131rlardan, i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ve geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki topluluklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinde hi\u00e7 bulunmayan \u00fclkemize has (endemik) bitki t\u00fcrleri de bitki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","category-dn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n1- Bitkiler hayvanlar\u0131n besin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n2- Bitkiler topraklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sellerin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar.
\n3- Bitkilerden ila\u00e7 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n4- Canl\u0131lar\u0131n beslenmesinde ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z baz\u0131 mal ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde yer tutar.
\n5- Bitkiler \u00e7e\u015fitli topluluklar halinde bulunur (Orman ,\u00c7al\u0131, ot gibi)
\n6- T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 12.000\u2019den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunur.Bu y\u00fczden d\u00fcnyada ekvatoral b\u00f6lgeden sonra olduk\u00e7a zengin bir \u00fclkedir.
\n7- \u00dclkemizde farkl\u0131 iklim b\u00f6lgelerine ait, bitkilerde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.Relikt (Kal\u0131nt\u0131) Bitki: 4.Zamandaki buzul devrinde ya\u015fayabilen iklimlerin \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerindeki so\u011fuk alanlarda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren eski devre ait bitkilerdir. \u00dclkemizde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc jeolojik zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bitki topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olmu\u015ftur.Karadeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesine ait bitkilerin Akdeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesinde, Akdeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan bitkilerinde Karadeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesinde yer almas\u0131 bu \u015fekildedir. Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan:kay\u0131n, porsuk, f\u0131nd\u0131k ve g\u00fcrgen gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar relik topluluklard\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yer alan bitkilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fmu\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131 bitkilerdir.<\/p>\n
\n\u0130\u011fne Yaprakl\u0131lar: Ladin, K\u00f6knar, Sar\u0131\u00e7am, Kara\u00e7am, K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am<\/p>\n
\n\u0130klim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7 yeti\u015fmesine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131 kurak yerlerdeki otsu, dikensi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131 topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar aylar\u0131nda yemye\u015fil olan bu ot topluluklar\u0131, yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sapsar\u0131 kurak ve \u00e7orak \u00e7al\u0131 toplulu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimizdeki al\u00e7ak (\u00e7ukur) alanlarda yay\u0131lan bozk\u0131rlar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda yerlerini i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlara b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da bir \u00e7ok yerde bu ormana ge\u00e7i\u015f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 birden olmaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n tahribi sonucu eskiden orman olan alanlar tek t\u00fck a\u011fa\u00e7lardan ibaret olan Antropojen Bozk\u0131rlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da y\u00fcksek platolardaki bozk\u0131rlar kurak bir yaz ya\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yaz\u0131n yemye\u015fil kal\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00fczden buralarda b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f mera hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n