{"id":1507,"date":"2010-03-04T20:30:09","date_gmt":"2010-03-04T18:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1507"},"modified":"2010-03-04T20:30:12","modified_gmt":"2010-03-04T18:30:12","slug":"realizm-ve-parnasizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/realizm-ve-parnasizm.html","title":{"rendered":"Realizm ve Parnasizm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>REAL\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>19. yy.\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Romantizme tepki olarak do\u011fmu\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nDaha \u00e7ok roman ve hik\u00e2ye t\u00fcr\u00fcnde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nSanat\u0131n sanattan ba\u015fka gayesi yoktur. Din\u00ee, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve sosyal ama\u00e7lar\u0131 da yoktur.<br \/>\nBe\u015f duyuyla alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 var sayan Pozitivizm felsefesinden etkilenmi\u015f; tabiat\u0131, toplumu, olaylar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi oldu\u011fu gibi anlatma yolunu tutmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nGer\u00e7e\u011fin yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6zleme ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur. Tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde tasvir yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nOlaylar\u0131n olu\u015fumunda etkili olan sosyal nedenler incelenmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n\u0130nsan ki\u015fili\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00e7evrenin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00e7evre b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden kahramanlar, karakterlerine, ya\u015flar\u0131na ve \u00e7evrelerine g\u00f6re tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Karakter tasvirleri ve t\u00f6reler \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\nKahramanlar, hemen her yerde ve her zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fimiz ki\u015filerdir.<br \/>\nDuygular\u0131n yerini insan ve toplum ger\u00e7ekleri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 eserinde kendini gizler, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 eserine yans\u0131tmaz. His ve hayale kap\u0131lmadan toplum ger\u00e7eklerini oldu\u011fu gibi ve tarafs\u0131z olarak yans\u0131t\u0131r.<br \/>\nBi\u00e7im g\u00fczelli\u011fi konu kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Edeb\u00ee g\u00fczelli\u011fe ve \u00fcsl\u00fbba \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f, kelimelerin se\u00e7iminde \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcsl\u00fbp ya\u011fmac\u0131ks\u0131z ve kusursuz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u00d6nemli temsilcileri<\/p>\n<p>Fransa&#8217;da: <a class=\"zem_slink\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac\" title=\"Honor\u00e9 de Balzac\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Honore de Balzac<\/a> (kurucusu), G. Flaubert, Stendhal, Goncourt Karde\u015fler;<\/p>\n<p>Rusya&#8217;da: Tolstoy (kurucusu), A. \u00c7ehov, Dostoyevski<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nT\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recaizade (ilk realist roman ve hik\u00e2ye yazar\u0131), Samipa\u015fazade Sezai, Nabizade Naz\u0131m, Halit Ziya (en \u00f6nemlisi), \u00d6mer Seyfettin, Refik Halit Karay, Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu<\/p>\n<p> <strong>                    PARNAS\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>19. yy.\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda,\u015fiirde romantizme tepki olarak Fransa\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur.Realizm ve nat\u00fcralizmin \u015fiire uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u015eiirde, \u015fairin \u015fahsi duygular gizlenerek, tabiat manzaralar\u0131 ve felsef\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tasvirler olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n      Parnasyenler, toplumun problemleri ile ilgilenmemi\u015f; d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe, do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklere, g\u00f6zlem ve tasvire \u00f6nem vermi\u015f, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin sanata elveri\u015fli, egzotik g\u00fczellikleri ile de ilgilenmi\u015flerdir.<br \/>\n        Parnas\u00e7\u0131lara g\u00f6re \u015fiirin temel amac\u0131 g\u00fczelliktir. Bundan dolay\u0131 sanat i\u00e7in sanat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015flerdir.<br \/>\n      D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, \u015fekil ve s\u00f6yleyi\u015f g\u00fczelli\u011fine \u00f6nem vermi\u015flerdir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc ve kafiye \u00f6nemlidir. Kelime se\u00e7imine, s\u0131ralan\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve bununla sa\u011flanan ahenge b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131mdan m\u0131sra\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir duygu aranmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n        Tarihi olaylar, ki\u015filer, uygarl\u0131k ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler \u015fiire konu edilmi\u015ftir. Kendi tarihlerindeki \u00fcst\u00fcn d\u00f6nemlere ve y\u00fckseli\u015flere \u00f6zlem duymu\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nYunan, L\u00e2tin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve mitolojisine geri d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6nemli temsilcileri<\/strong><br \/>\nTh. Gatier, Lisle, S. Prudhomme, Fran\u00e7ois Coppe, Banville, Heredia,<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda<br \/>\n<a class=\"zem_slink\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tevfik_Fikret\" title=\"Tevfik Fikret\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Tevfik Fikret<\/a>, Cenap \u015eahabettin, Yahya Kemal<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\" class=\"zemanta-pixie\"><a class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" href=\"http:\/\/reblog.zemanta.com\/zemified\/61bc37c3-e8dc-41a9-a1f1-24f843263b84\/\" title=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: medium none ; float: right;\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/reblog_e.png?x-id=61bc37c3-e8dc-41a9-a1f1-24f843263b84\" alt=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\"\/><\/a><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>REAL\u0130ZM 19. yy.\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Romantizme tepki olarak do\u011fmu\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00e7ok roman ve hik\u00e2ye t\u00fcr\u00fcnde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sanat\u0131n sanattan ba\u015fka gayesi yoktur. Din\u00ee, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve sosyal ama\u00e7lar\u0131 da yoktur. Be\u015f duyuyla alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 var sayan Pozitivizm felsefesinden etkilenmi\u015f; tabiat\u0131, toplumu, olaylar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi oldu\u011fu gibi anlatma yolunu tutmu\u015ftur. Ger\u00e7e\u011fin yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6zleme ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur. Tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde &#8230; <a title=\"Realizm ve Parnasizm\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/realizm-ve-parnasizm.html\" aria-label=\"More on Realizm ve Parnasizm\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,224,12],"tags":[270,274,518,517,268,273,497,271],"class_list":["post-1507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-edebiyat-dil-anlatim","category-tr","tag-adana","tag-government","tag-halit-ziya","tag-honore-de-balzac","tag-middle-east","tag-provinces","tag-tevfik-fikret","tag-turkey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1507\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}