D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm ya\u015famlar sera etkisi ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Sera etkisi olmayan bir d\u00fcnya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 33 o C\u2019lik bir so\u011fuma ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r ki, bu da d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n bir kutuptan di\u011ferine buzlarla kaplanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ancak, sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131 da s\u00fcrekli \u0131s\u0131nma \u015feklinde dengelerin bozulmas\u0131 tehdidini yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131 \u011f \u0131 15 o C\u2019dir. Ge\u00e7ti \u011f imiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k 0,6 o C\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f tir. K\u0131talar \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k okyanuslar ve denizlere oranla daha fazla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana deniz y\u00fczeyi s\u0131cakl\u0131 \u011f \u0131 kara y\u00fczeyindekinin ancak yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda da her 10 y\u0131lda ortalama 0,2 o C art\u0131 \u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f t\u00fcr. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change)\u2019nin 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc de\u011ferlendirme raporunda 2100 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnyam\u0131zdaki ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1,4-5,8 o C aras\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 1990-2025 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 0,4-1,1 o C, 1990-2050 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 0,8-2,6 o C civar\u0131nda seyredece\u011fi kurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ti \u011f imiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve buzul boyutlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeler ya \u015f and\u0131. 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan bu yana Kuzey Yar\u0131k\u00fcre\u2019de kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde %10\u2019luk bir azalma oldu. Orta ve daha yukar\u0131 enlemlerde g\u00f6l ve nehirlerin y\u0131ll\u0131k buzla kapl\u0131 kalma s\u00fcrelerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 haftal\u0131k bir k\u0131salma oldu. 20nci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca da\u011f buzullar\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta zirveye do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. 1950\u2019lerden 2000\u2019e kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede Kuzey Yar\u0131k\u00fcre\u2019de bahar ve yaz aylar\u0131ndaki deniz buzulu boyutlar\u0131nda %10-15 oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. 20nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son 30 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arktik deniz buzulu kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019l\u0131k bir azalma ya \u015f and\u0131. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te de \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak okyanuslar\u0131n \u0131l\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte da \u011f buzullar\u0131n\u0131n ve kutuplardaki buz \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn erimeye devam etmesi beklenmekte ve deniz seviyelerinin de 9-100 cm aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. 20nci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca deniz seviyelerinde 10-25 cm aras\u0131nda bir art\u0131 \u015f oldu \u011f u saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda 11 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r donmu\u015f halde bulunan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k Fransa ve Almanya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki turbal\u0131klar k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisiyle son 3-4 y\u0131ld\u0131r erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Son 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bu y\u00f6rede 3 o C\u2019lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Art\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan bu erime olay\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda atmosfere milyarlarca ton metan gaz\u0131 dahil olacak. CO2 gaz\u0131ndan 20 kat daha fazla \u0131s\u0131 tutabilme \u00f6zelli \u011f i olan CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n bu d\u00fczeyde atmosfere sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fiddetini bu g\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan tahminler \u00fczerinde artt\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Deniz seviyesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclecek y\u00fckselme, bir\u00e7ok k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi yerle\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin deniz seviyesinde meydana gelecek 100 cm\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015fla Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n %6\u2019s\u0131, Banglade\u015f \u2019in %17,5\u2019i ve bir\u00e7ok adan\u0131n ya t\u00fcm\u00fc ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sular alt\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131r. Denizlerdeki y\u00fckselme k\u0131y\u0131 ekosistemlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaratacak, denizlere yak\u0131n al\u00e7ak d\u00fczl\u00fcklerde yeni batakl\u0131klar meydana gelecektir. Denizlerin karalar \u00fczerinde ilerlemesi ile olu\u015facak arazi kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 erozyonlar\u0131nda da art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
Mevsimler baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde daha uzun olmaya ba\u015flayacak, k\u0131\u015f ve gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131, yaz ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha fazla artma e\u011filiminde olacakt\u0131r. Is\u0131nan bir d\u00fcnyada s\u0131cak stresinden dolay\u0131 daha \u00e7ok insan \u00f6lecek, tropik b\u00f6lge hastal\u0131klar\u0131 serin iklim b\u00f6lgelerine do\u011fru yay\u0131lma g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
Is\u0131nmayla birlikte okyanus ve denizlerden daha fazla su buharla\u015facak ve d\u00fcnya daha rutubetli olacakt\u0131r. Bu da ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. K\u0131talar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 son y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde %1\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f tir. G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc suyun buharla\u015fmas\u0131ndan alan kas\u0131rgalar muhtemelen daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacaklard\u0131r. El Nino kas\u0131rgas\u0131 \u00f6nceki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k periyotla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son 20-30 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te daha s\u0131k, uzun s\u00fcreli ve \u015fiddetli g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sert ve devaml\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar, suyun topraktan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde buharla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak, bu da baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin eskisinden de daha kurak olmalar\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. 20nci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca orta ve daha yukar\u0131 enlemlerdeki k\u0131talar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ta %5-10 aras\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015f s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da %2-4\u2019l\u00fck art\u0131\u015f (24 saatte 50 mm) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k subtropikal alanlardaki karalara d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015fta %3\u2019l\u00fck azalma olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle kuzey ve bat\u0131 Afrika ve Akdeniz \u00fclkelerinin kimilerinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son 10 y\u0131lda Asya ve Afrika gibi baz\u0131 k\u0131talarda kurakl\u0131k ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00a0\u015fiddetlerinde art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimi \u0131s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fcnyada muhtemelen \u00f6nceden oldu \u011f undan daha fazla tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretilebilecektir. Ancak, bu \u00fcretim ille de \u015f u anda verimli olan b\u00f6lgelerde olmay\u0131p serin iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131na do\u011fru kayacakt\u0131r. Kuzey Yar\u0131k\u00fcre\u2019de \u00f6zellikle \u00fcst enlemlerde son 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirme sezonunda her on y\u0131lda 1-4 g\u00fcn uzama belirlenmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve nemin artmas\u0131na paralel olarak gelecekte tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine ve ormanlara daha fazla b\u00f6cek ve hastal\u0131k musallat olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisiyle hayvanlar ve bitkiler kutuplara ve \u00fcst da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlere y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mlara do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 edeceklerdir. Ancak, bu g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kayan kentler ya da tar\u0131m arazileri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ve bunlar\u0131 a\u015famayan bitki t\u00fcrlerinin nesilleri t\u00fckenecektir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm ya\u015famlar sera etkisi ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Sera etkisi olmayan bir d\u00fcnya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 33 o C\u2019lik bir so\u011fuma ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r ki, bu da d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n bir kutuptan di\u011ferine buzlarla kaplanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ancak, sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131 da s\u00fcrekli \u0131s\u0131nma \u015feklinde dengelerin bozulmas\u0131 tehdidini yaratmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131 … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1442\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}