{"id":1425,"date":"2010-02-25T22:55:58","date_gmt":"2010-02-25T20:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1425"},"modified":"2010-02-25T22:56:51","modified_gmt":"2010-02-25T20:56:51","slug":"kasgarli-mahmut-biyografisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/kasgarli-mahmut-biyografisi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut Biyografisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

1008<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistan’da do\u011fan Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut, Saciye ve Hamidiye Medreselerin’de e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Tahsil hayat\u0131ndan sonra kendisini Orta Asya’y\u0131 dola\u015fmaya ve T\u00fcrk Dili’ni incelemeye verdi. Orta Asya ziyaretlerinin bir aya\u011f\u0131 olarak Anadolu’ya da gelerek \u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7e ve dil \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1072<\/strong>–1073<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri “Divan\u00fc L\u00fcgati’i T\u00fcrk<\/strong>“\u00fc Abbasi halifesine arma\u011fan etti. Bu kitab\u0131n as\u0131l n\u00fcshas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen Ayasofya M\u00fczesi<\/strong>‘nde muhafaza edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut kitab\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Ka\u015fgar’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve burada vefat etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130yi bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut, \u0130slamiyet ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip ederdi. Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a’y\u0131 iyi derecede biliyordu. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrklerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri gezmi\u015ftir. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma dil ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler \u00fczerine de incelemeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana dili olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a>‘nin b\u00fct\u00fcn diyalektlerini ve kollar\u0131n\u0131 yerinde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve \u00fcnl\u00fc kitab\u0131nda bunlara yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u0131rderya<\/strong> (Seyhun) k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu yazan Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kendi ailesinin de\u00a0 \u0131rak <\/strong>tan Ka\u015fgar’a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re Sultan Melik\u015fah<\/strong>‘\u0131n e\u015fi Terken Hatun<\/strong>‘nun maiyetinde o d\u00f6nemde \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinden biri olan Irak’a bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrk S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Divam\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen “Kit\u00e2b\u00fc div\u00e2n-i l\u00fbgat it-T\u00fcrk<\/strong>“, yaln\u0131z bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131, tarihi, co\u011frafyas\u0131, mitolojisi, gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleriyle ilgili g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan bir kaynakt\u0131r. 1073<\/strong>–1077<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat’ta yaz\u0131lan bu kitab\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fi de yabanc\u0131lara T\u00fcrk Dili’ni ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131tmak ve \u00f6\u011fretmektir.<\/p>\n

Div\u00e2n-i L\u00fbgat’it-T\u00fcrk’de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimelerin anlamlar\u0131 Arap\u00e7a olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e 7500 kelimenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e atas\u00f6zleri ve savlarda da kitapta yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut’un “T\u00fcrk Dillerinin Gramatik \u0130ncelemesi” ad\u0131yla bir ba\u015fka kitab\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmekte ise de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut, Div\u00e2n-\u0131 L\u00fcgat’it T\u00fcrk’de, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin neden \u00f6\u011frenilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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Ant i\u00e7erek s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, ben Buhara’n\u0131n, s\u00f6z\u00fcne g\u00fcvenilir imamlar\u0131n\u0131n birinden ve ba\u015fkaca Ni\u015faburlu bir imamdan i\u015fittim. \u0130kisi de senetleri ile bildiriyorlar ki, Yalvac\u0131m\u0131z (Peygamber), k\u0131yamet belgelerine, ahir zaman kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk dilini \u00f6\u011freniniz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcrecek egemenlik vard\u0131r buyurmu\u015ftu. Bu s\u00f6z (hadis) do\u011fru ise sorgular\u0131 kendilerinin \u00fczerine olsun T\u00fcrk dilini \u00f6\u011frenmek \u00e7ok gerekli bir i\u015f olur. Bu do\u011fru de\u011fil ise ak\u0131l bunu emreder. Tanr\u0131, T\u00fcrk bur\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n m\u00fclkleri \u00fczerinde felekleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tanr\u0131 onlara T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ilbay k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hakanlar\u0131 onlardan \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n yularlar\u0131n onlar eline vermi\u015f, herkese \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aziz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkler onlar\u0131 her dileklerine ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6t\u00fclerin \u015ferrinden korumu\u015ftur. Onlara hedef olmaktan korunabilmek i\u00e7in, akl\u0131 olana d\u00fc\u015fen \u015fey, onlar\u0131n yolunu tutmak, derdini dinletebilmek g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini alabilmek i\u00e7in dilleriyle konu\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kitap daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antepli Ayn\u00ee<\/strong> diye bilinen Bedreddin Mahmud<\/strong>, \u0130kd\u00fc’l-Cum\u00e2n f\u00ee Tarihi Ehli’z-Zam\u00e2n’da ve Katip \u00c7elebi<\/strong> Ke\u015ff\u00fc’z-Z\u00fbnun’da Bu eserden s\u00f6z ederler. Ancak sonradan y\u0131llarca unutulmu\u015f, daha sonralar\u0131 1857<\/strong>–1923<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Ali Emiri<\/strong>‘nin eline ge\u00e7en S\u00e2v\u00ee’nin nushas\u0131 Sadrazam Talat Pa\u015fa<\/strong>‘n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kilisli R\u0131fat Bilge<\/strong>‘nin g\u00f6zetiminde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya T\u00fcrkologlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eser ayn\u0131 zamanda bat\u0131da da ilgi uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, 1928<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda C. Brochkelmann<\/strong>‘n\u0131n Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Kitab\u0131n Uygurca \u00e7evirisi 1978<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dankoff<\/strong>‘un Div\u00e2n\u00fc Lug\u00e2t-it T\u00fcrk \u00e7evirisi ile James Kelly<\/strong>‘nin makaleleri de eser hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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