{"id":1419,"date":"2010-02-24T18:52:28","date_gmt":"2010-02-24T16:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1419"},"modified":"2010-02-24T18:52:28","modified_gmt":"2010-02-24T16:52:28","slug":"tasavvuf-edebiyatinin-genel-ozellikleri-ve-nazim-turleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tasavvuf-edebiyatinin-genel-ozellikleri-ve-nazim-turleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Tasavvuf Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri ve Naz\u0131m T\u00fcrleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"zemanta-img\" style=\"margin: 1em; display: block;\">\n<div>\n<dl class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Image:Pir_Sultan_Abdal.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pir Sultan Abdal\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/b3\/Pir_Sultan_Abdal.jpg\/300px-Pir_Sultan_Abdal.jpg\" alt=\"Pir Sultan Abdal\" width=\"300\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution\" style=\"font-size: 0.8em;\">Image via <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Image:Pir_Sultan_Abdal.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Din\u00ee-Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in ve Tasavvufun etkisiyle ortaya  \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;in k\u00f6kle\u015fip yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olan tasavvuf,  zamanla edeb\u00ee eserlerde de i\u015flenmi\u015f, din ve tasavvuf, edebiyat arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla  yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Din\u00ee -Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na Tekke edebiyat\u0131 da  denir. Din\u00ee -Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda as\u0131l olan sanat yapmak de\u011fil,  din\u00ee-tasavvufi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yaymakt\u0131r. Tekke \u015fairlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu tarikatlarda yeti\u015fmi\u015f  \u015feyh ve dervi\u015flerdir. Tekke \u015fiiri, halk \u015fiirinden de divan \u015fiirinden de naz\u0131m  \u015fekilleri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En belirgin  \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Kurucusu 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu  T\u00fcrkistan&#8217;da yeti\u015fen Hoca Ahmet Yesevi&#8217;dir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Tekke Edebiyat\u0131, Anadolu&#8217;da  13. y.y.&#8217;dan itibaren geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Bu edebiyat \u015fairleri tarikat  merkezi olan tekkelerde yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Naz\u0131m birimi genellikle  d\u00f6rtl\u00fckt\u00fcr.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Hem aruz hem hece vezni  kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>\u015eiirlerin \u00e7o\u011fu  ezgilidir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Allah, insan, felsefe,  do\u011fruluk, ibadet gibi konular i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>\u0130lahi, nefes, nutuk, devriye,  sathiye, deme gibi naz\u0131m \u015fekilleri  kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Dili \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Edebiyat\u0131&#8217;na g\u00f6re  a\u011f\u0131r, Divan Edebiyat\u0131&#8217;na g\u00f6re sadedir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>\u00c2\u015f\u0131k, ma\u015fuk, \u015farap, saki gibi  mazmunlara yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Y\u00fczy\u0131llara  g\u00f6re bu edebiyat\u0131n en \u00f6nemli temsilcileri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>12.yy.: Hoca Ahmet  Yesevi<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>13.yy.:<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Yunus Emre\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yunus_Emre\" target=\"_blank\">Yunus Emre<\/a>, <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Hajji Bektash Wali\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hajji_Bektash_Wali\" target=\"_blank\">Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f-\u0131  Veli<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>14.yy.:Kaygusuz  Abdal<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>15.yy.: Hac\u0131 Bayram-\u0131 Veli, E\u015frefo\u011flu  Rumi<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>16.yy.: <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Pir Sultan Abdal\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pir_Sultan_Abdal\" target=\"_blank\">Pir Sultan  Abdal<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>17.yy.: Niyaz-\u0131 M\u0131sr\u00ee, Sin\u00e2n-\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00ee,  H\u00fcd\u00e2i<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>18.yy.: Sezai<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>19.yy.: Kuddusi,  Tur\u00e2bi<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu \u00f6zelliklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan; eserlerini  aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle ve Divan Edebiyat\u0131 diliyle, hatta tamam\u0131yla Arap\u00e7a-Fars\u00e7a yazan  tasavvuf\u00e7ular da vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Mevlana Anadolu\u2019da yeti\u015fen ilk ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk  mutasavv\u0131f oldu\u011fu halde eserlerini Fars\u00e7a yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eeyh Galip, Divan tarz\u0131nda  eser verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Tekke Edebiyat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmez, Di-van Edebiyat\u0131  mensubu say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tasavvufla \u0130lgili Baz\u0131 Terimler<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vahdet-i V\u00fccud (Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Birli\u011fi):<\/strong> Evrende sadece Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Di\u011fer varl\u0131k zannetti\u011fimiz, bu  \u201cmutlak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d, Allah\u2019\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tekke:<\/strong> Tasavvuf ehli ki\u015filerin, tarikat  mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131, e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri yer, kurulu\u015f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pir:<\/strong> Tarikat kurucusu<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eeyh:<\/strong> 1.Tarikat kurucusu. 2. Tarikatta en  y\u00fcksek dereceye ermi\u015f ki\u015fi. 3. Tarikat kollar\u0131ndan birinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan  kimsedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tarikat:<\/strong> Allah\u2019a varma yolunda benzer  bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu topluluk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dervi\u015f:<\/strong> Bir tarikata girmi\u015f, onun  kurallar\u0131na uygun ya\u015fayan kimse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abdal:<\/strong> Gezgin dervi\u015f<\/p>\n<p><strong>Halife:<\/strong> Tarikat kurucusunun ya da \u015feyhin  kendisine vekil tayin etti\u011fi, yetki verdi\u011fi ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n<p>Tekke \u015fiirinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve  dinsel i\u00e7erikli konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen <strong>ilahi, nefes, deme, \u015fathiye<\/strong> &#8230; gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil, birer naz\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar da ko\u015fma  tipi naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imiyle ve hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn genellikle 7, 8 ve 11&#8217;li kal\u0131plar\u0131yla  s\u00f6ylenir. S\u00f6z konusu t\u00fcrlerde d\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 genellikle 3 &#8211; 7 dir. \u0130lahi, nefes  ve demeler, bestelenerek s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Xtypo - Extra Typografi For Joomla Template By http:\/\/www.templateplazza.com --><\/p>\n<p>\u0130lahi<\/p>\n<p><!-- End Xtypo --> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Herhangi bir tarikat\u0131n izini  ta\u015f\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n Allah&#8217;\u0131 \u00f6ven \u015fiirlere denir. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Daima \u00f6zel bir ezgi ile  s\u00f6ylenir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Divan \u015fiirindeki tevhit ve  m\u00fcnacaat\u0131n Halk Edebiyat\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>En \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fairi Yunus Emre&#8217;dir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0  <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>De\u011fi\u015fik tarikatlara g\u00f6re  &#8220;deme, nefes, ayin&#8221; gibi adlar al\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>\u015eekil olarak ko\u015fma  bi\u00e7imindedir. Yani d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fur. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Son d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte \u015fairin ad\u0131 veya  mahlas\u0131 ge\u00e7er. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Genelde 7&#8217;li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc  kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0 Baz\u0131 ilahilerde aruz vezni kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aruz vezninin  kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilahiler gazel \u015feklindedir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nefes<\/p>\n<p><!-- End Xtypo --> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Bekta\u015f\u00ee \u015fairlerinin yazd\u0131klar\u0131  tasavvuf\u00ee \u015fiirlerdir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Nefeslerde genellikle  tasavvuftaki vahdet-i v\u00fccut (varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birli\u011fi) kavram\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra  Hz. <\/strong><strong>Muhammet ve Hz. Ali i\u00e7in  \u00f6vg\u00fcler de s\u00f6ylenir.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Nefeslerde kalenderane ve  alayc\u0131 bir \u00fcsl\u00fbp g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda Pir Sultan Abdal nefesleriyle  \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Deme<\/p>\n<p><!-- End Xtypo --> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Alevi-<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Bektashi\" rel=\"wikipedia nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bektashi\" target=\"_blank\">Bekta\u015fi<\/a> tarikat\u0131ndan  tasavvuf \u015fiirlerinin tarikatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hareketleriyle ilgili temalar\u0131 i\u015fleyen,  sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen \u015fiirlerine &#8220;deme&#8221; ad\u0131 verilir.  <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Genellikle 8&#8217;li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle  yaz\u0131lan demeler saz e\u015fli\u011finde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir makamla s\u00f6ylenir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nutuk<\/p>\n<p><!-- End Xtypo --> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Tekke Edebiyat\u0131&#8217;nda Pirlerin  ve m\u00fcr\u015fitlerin, tarikata yeni giren m\u00fcridleri bilgilendirmek tarikat  derecelerini ve tarikat adab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenen didaktik  \u015fiirlerdir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u015eathiye<\/p>\n<p><!-- End Xtypo --> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Dini ve tasavvufi halk  \u015fiirinde genel olarak mizahi manzumelere \u015fathiye ad\u0131 verilir.  <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Tasavvufi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyenleri  \u015fathiyat-\u0131 s\u00fbfiy\u00e2ne ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar, inan\u00e7lardan alayl\u0131 bir dille s\u00f6z eder gibi  yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerdir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte sa\u00e7ma san\u0131lan bu s\u00f6zlerin, yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda  tasavvufla ilgili t\u00fcrl\u00fc kavramlara de\u011findi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.  <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Bu t\u00fcr \u015fiirlere genellikle  Bekta\u015fi \u015fairlerinde rastlan\u0131r. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Medrese hocalar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu  \u015fathiyeler k\u00fcf\u00fcr say\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015fairi  Kaygusuz Abdal&#8217;d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\"><a class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" href=\"http:\/\/reblog.zemanta.com\/zemified\/e92a2de5-d630-4d14-9bd8-b65c92ced55e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none; float: right;\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/reblog_e.png?x-id=e92a2de5-d630-4d14-9bd8-b65c92ced55e\" alt=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" \/><\/a><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><br \/>\n<script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image via Wikipedia Din\u00ee-Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in ve Tasavvufun etkisiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;in k\u00f6kle\u015fip yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olan tasavvuf, zamanla edeb\u00ee eserlerde de i\u015flenmi\u015f, din ve tasavvuf, edebiyat arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Din\u00ee -Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na Tekke edebiyat\u0131 da denir. Din\u00ee -Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda as\u0131l olan sanat yapmak de\u011fil, din\u00ee-tasavvufi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yaymakt\u0131r. Tekke \u015fairlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu tarikatlarda &#8230; <a title=\"Tasavvuf Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri ve Naz\u0131m T\u00fcrleri\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tasavvuf-edebiyatinin-genel-ozellikleri-ve-nazim-turleri.html\" aria-label=\"More on Tasavvuf Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri ve Naz\u0131m T\u00fcrleri\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,224],"tags":[480,274,482,413,481,271],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}