{"id":1415,"date":"2010-02-19T12:34:54","date_gmt":"2010-02-19T10:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1415"},"modified":"2010-02-19T12:34:54","modified_gmt":"2010-02-19T10:34:55","slug":"halk-edebiyatinda-nazim-bicimleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/halk-edebiyatinda-nazim-bicimleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Halk Edebiyat\u0131nda Naz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\"Ba\u011flama\"<\/a><\/dt>\n
Image via Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Halk edebiyat\u0131, ortaya konan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7erik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

A) \u00c2\u015eIK EDEB\u0130YATI
\nB) ANON\u0130M HALK EDEB\u0130YATI
\nC) TEKKE ve TASAVVUF EDEB\u0130YATI<\/strong><\/p>\n

A) \u00c2\u015eIK TARZI T\u00fcrk HALK EDEB\u0130YATI<\/strong>
\n* \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Eskiden kam,baks\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen ozonlara bu d\u00f6nemde A\u015eIKad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
\n* \u00c2\u015f\u0131klar \u015fiirlerini ba\u011flama<\/a> ad\u0131 verilen sazlarla k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.
\n* Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Dili sadedir.
\n* Naz\u0131m birimi d\u00f6rtl\u00fckt\u00fcr, yar\u0131m kafiye kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Son d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte \u015fairin mahlas\u0131(ad\u0131) kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* \u015eairler \u015fiirlerini C\u00d6NK ad\u0131 verilen defterde toplarlard\u0131.
\n* A\u015fk, \u00f6l\u00fcm, gurbet, ayr\u0131l\u0131k konular\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla ilenmi\u015ftir.
\n* Co\u015fkulu, lirik bir s\u00f6yleni\u015fi vard\u0131r.
\n* Ko\u015fma, mani, T\u00fcrk\u00fc<\/a>, semai, varsa\u011f\u0131 destan gibi bi\u00e7imleri mevcuttur.
\n* 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra divan edebiyat\u0131ndan etkilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KO\u015eMA: <\/strong>Halk edebiyat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan bi\u00e7imdir. Genellikle hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn on birli (6+5 ya da 4+4+3) kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ile be\u015f aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. \u015eair ko\u015fman\u0131n son d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ad\u0131n\u0131 ya da mahlas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Uyak d\u00fczeni genellikle \u015f\u00f6yle olur: baba \u201d ccca \u201d ddda\u2026
\nE\u011fer benim ile gitmek dilersen
\nE\u011flen g\u00fczel yaz olsun da gidelim
\nBizim iller k\u0131ra\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r a\u015f\u0131lmaz
\nYollar \u00e7amu kurusun da gidelim<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013
\nKarac\u201do\u011flan der ki buna ne fayda
\nHi\u00e7 ra\u011fbet kalmad\u0131 yoksula bayda
\nBu ayda olmazsa gelecek ayda
\nOnbir ay\u0131n birisinde gidelim<\/p>\n

Ko\u015fmalar\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n* A\u015fk, ayr\u0131l\u0131k, gurbet gibi geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveli konular\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.
\n* 11li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* En az 3 en fazla 6 k\u0131tadan olu\u015fur.
\n* Dili sadedir.
\n* Kafiye d\u00fczeni abab,cccb,dddb\u015feklindedir.
\n* Son d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte \u015fairin mahlas\u0131 bulunur.
\n* Ko\u015fman\u0131n konular\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fczelleme, ko\u00e7aklama, a\u011f\u0131t, ta\u015flamaadl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

G\u00dcZELLEME: <\/strong>\u0130nsan ve do\u011fa sevgisinin lirik bir edayla i\u015flendi\u011fi ko\u015fmalara denir.
\nKO\u00c7AKLAMA:<\/strong> Sava\u015f, yi\u011fitlik, kahramanl\u0131k gibi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen ko\u015fmalara denir. Co\u015fkun ve yi\u011fit\u00e7e bir \u00fcslupla sava\u015f ve d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fleri anlatan \u015fiirlerdir.
\nK\u00f6ro\u011fluyum medhim merde ye\u011fine
\nKo\u00e7 yi\u011fit de\u011fi\u015fmez cengi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne
\nSere serpe gider d\u00fc\u015fman \u00f6n\u00fcne
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lar meydan i\u00e7inde
\nA\u011eIT: <\/strong>\u00d6len ki\u015finin arkas\u0131ndan duyulan ac\u0131n\u0131n ve onun iyiliklerinin i\u015flendi\u011fi ko\u015fmad\u0131r. Bir kimsenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine duyulan ac\u0131lar\u0131 anlatmak amac\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenen \u015fiirlerdir (Anonim halk \u015fiiri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan a\u011f\u0131tlar da vard\u0131r).
\nCivan da can\u0131na b\u00f6yle k\u0131yar m\u0131
\nHasta ba\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f yast\u0131\u011fa koyar m\u0131
\nErgen k\u0131za beyaz bezler uyar m\u0131
\nAl giy all\u0131 balam \u015fallar\u0131n hani<\/p>\n

H\u0131fzi
\nTA\u015eLAMA: <\/strong>Toplumun veya bireylerin aksayan y\u00f6nlerini ele\u015ftiren ko\u015fmalara denir. Bir kimseyi yermek ya da toplumun bozuk y\u00f6nlerini ele\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerdir.
\nOrmanda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen adam azg\u0131n\u0131
\n\u00c7ar\u015f\u0131da pazarda insan be\u011fenmez
\nMedres ka\u00e7k\u0131n\u0131 softa bozgunu
\nSelam vermek i\u00e7in kesan be\u011fenmez<\/p>\n

Kazak Abdal<\/strong>
\nVARSA\u011eI: <\/strong>G\u00fcney Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Varsak T\u00fcrklerinin \u00f6zel bir ezgiyle s\u00f6yledikleri T\u00fcrk\u00fclerden geli\u015fmi\u015f bir bi\u00e7imdir. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 ve uyak d\u00fczeni \u201cSem\u00e2i\u201d gibidir. Varsa\u011f\u0131lar yi\u011fit\u00e7e, mert\u00e7e bir \u00fcslupla s\u00f6ylenir. Bu da d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerin i\u00e7indeki \u201cbre\u201d \u201chey\u201d \u201cbehey\u201d gibi \u00fcnlemlerle sa\u011flan\u0131r. Halk edebiyat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok varsa\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015f \u015fair Karacao\u011flan<\/a>\u201dd\u0131r.
\nMUAMMA: <\/strong>Kapal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131lan bir olay\u0131n ya da bilginin okuyucu taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, bunlarla ilgili sorular\u0131n cevapland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen bir t\u00fcr manzum bilmecedir.
\nNAS\u0130HAT:<\/strong> Bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretmek,bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi ama\u00e7larla s\u00f6ylenen didaktik \u015fiirlerdir.
\nBre a\u011falar bre beyler
\n\u00d6lmeden bir dem s\u00fcrelim
\nG\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze kara toprak
\nDolmadan bir dem s\u00fcrelim\u00a0 Behey el\u00e2 g\u00f6zl\u00fc dilber
\nVaktin ge\u00e7er demedim mi
\nHarami olmu\u015f g\u00f6zlerin
\nBeller keser demedim mi <\/p>\n

Varsa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Toros Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Adana civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan VARSAK boylar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6yledikleri T\u00fcrk\u00fclere denir.
\n* Kafiye d\u00fczeni ko\u015fma gibidir.
\n* 4+4 \u015feklinde 8li \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyle s\u00f6ylenir.
\n* BRE, BEHEY, HEY nidalar\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* En az 3 en fazla 5 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\nSEMA\u0130:<\/strong> Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sekizli kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r (4+4 durakl\u0131 ya da duraks\u0131z). D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ile be\u015f aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Sem\u00e2ilerin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ezgisi vard\u0131r ve bu ezgiyle okunur. Uyak d\u00fczeni ko\u015fma gibidir: baba \u201d ccca \u201d ddda
\n Sem\u00e2ilerde daja \u00e7ok sevgi, do\u011fa, g\u00fczellik gibi konular i\u015flenir.
\n\u0130ncecikten bir kar ya\u011far
\nTozar Elif Elif diye
\nDedil g\u00f6n\u00fcl abdal olmu\u015f
\nGezer Elif Elif diye\u00a0 Karac\u201do\u011flan e\u011fmelerin
\nG\u00f6n\u00fcl sevmez de\u011fmelerin
\n\u0130liklemi\u015f d\u00fc\u011fmelerin
\n\u00c7\u00f6zer Elif Elif diye. <\/p>\n

Semailerin genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n* \u00d6zel bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenen bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.
\n* Kafiye d\u00fczeni ko\u015fma ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* 4 + 4 =8 li \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* 35 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

DESTAN: <\/strong>D\u00f6rt dizeli bentlerden olu\u015fan, olduk\u00e7a uzun bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Kimi destanlarda d\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczden fazlad\u0131r. Genellikle hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn on birli kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Uyak d\u00fczeni ko\u015fma gibidir: baba \u201d ccca \u201d ddda
\nDestan\u0131n son d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u015fair mahlas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Konular\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan destanlar\u0131 sava\u015f, yang\u0131n, deprem, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k, \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerin ya\u015famlar\u0131, mizahi\u2026 gibi gruplanad\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Esnaf Destan\u0131
\nNalbant oldum k\u0131rd\u0131m nal\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu
\nBir kat\u0131r nallad\u0131m dinle oyunu
\nMe\u011fer acemiymi\u015f bilmem huyunu
\n\u00c7enemi teptirdim nal\u0131n s\u00f6kerken
\nManav oldum elma armut tez \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr
\nCambaz oldum ip \u00fcst\u00fcnde kim y\u00fcr\u00fcr
\nKasap oldum her g\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fcm kan g\u00f6r\u00fcr
\nY\u00fcre\u011fim bay\u0131ld\u0131 kana bakaraken
\nBen bu sanatlar\u0131 bir bir dola\u015ft\u0131m
\nTekrar gelip \u015fairli\u011fe bula\u015ft\u0131m
\nK\u00e2mili m\u00fcr\u015fidin eline d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm
\nTekke-i a\u015fk i\u00e7re \u00e7ile \u00e7ekerken.<\/p>\n

Destanlar\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n* 6+5 li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00f6ylenir.
\n* Halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en uzun naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir.
\n* Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir s\u00f6yleni\u015fi vard\u0131r.
\n* Kafiye d\u00fczeni ko\u015fma ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Ayaklanma, k\u0131tl\u0131k, sava\u015f, hastal\u0131k gibi toplumsal konular i\u015flendi\u011fi gibi bireysel konular\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi destanlar da vard\u0131r.
\n* D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlama yoktur.<\/p>\n

B) ANON\u0130M TARZI T\u00dcRK HALK EDEB\u0130YATI<\/strong>
\nS\u00f6yleyeni belli olmayan, halk\u0131n ortak mal\u0131 say\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fe dayal\u0131 edebiyatt\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00fcr\u00fcnler; halk aras\u0131nda dilden dile ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e zaman, ki\u015fi, yer unsurlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Anlat\u0131m, s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat geleneklerine uygundur. S\u00fcsten uzak, a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dil kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Daha \u00e7ok; a\u015fk, hasret, yi\u011fitlik, \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgilendiren konular i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ANON\u0130M HALK EDEB\u0130YATI D\u00dcZYAZI \u00dcR\u00dcNLER\u0130<\/strong>
\n– Atas\u00f6zleri
\n– Deyimler
\n– Tekerlemeler
\n– Bilmeceler
\n– F\u0131kralar
\n– Halk Hik\u00e2yeleri
\n– Ortaoyunu
\n– Meddah
\n– Karag\u00f6z<\/p>\n

ATAS\u00d6ZLER\u0130<\/strong>
\n* Y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren tecr\u00fcbeler sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zl\u00fc s\u00f6zlerdir.
\n* Kelimeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilemezler.
\n* Ayn\u0131 konuda birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen atas\u00f6zleri olabilir.<\/p>\n

DEY\u0130MLER
\nTEKERLEMELER<\/strong>
\nS\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ses benzerli\u011finden yararlan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulan yar\u0131 anlaml\u0131, yar\u0131 anlams\u0131z s\u00f6zlerdir. \u015eiir bi\u00e7iminde de olu\u015fturulan tekerlemelerde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, uyak, seci ve aliterasyondan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAz gitmi\u015f, uz gitmi\u015f. Dere, tepe d\u00fcz gitmi\u015f. Alt\u0131 ay, bir g\u00fcz gitmi\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n

Evvel zaman i\u00e7inde
\nKalbur saman i\u00e7inde
\nDeveler tellal iken
\nPireler berber iken
\nBen annemin babam\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fini
\nT\u0131ng\u0131r m\u0131ng\u0131r sallar iken\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u0130LMECELER<\/strong>
\n* \u00c7o\u011funlukla cevab\u0131 i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131 bulunan ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla t\u00fcretilen soru bi\u00e7imlerine denir.
\n* G\u00fczel vakit ge\u00e7irmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.
\n* Manzum mensur \u015fekilleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

FIKRALAR<\/strong>
\nBir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi insanlara, mizah \u00f6\u011felerini kullan\u0131p onlar\u0131n g\u00fcl\u00fcmsemelerini sa\u011flayarak aktarmak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f k\u0131sa anlat\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde, g\u00fcld\u00fcrmenin yan\u0131nda yol g\u00f6stericilik de s\u00f6z konusudur. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda en bilinen f\u0131kralar; Nasrettin Hoca, Karadeniz, Bekta\u015fi f\u0131kralar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

HALK H\u0130KAYELER\u0130<\/strong>
\nHikayeci \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00f6y odalar\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn meclislerinde, kasaba ve kentlerin kahvehanelerinde saz e\u015fli\u011finde anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 hik\u00e2yelerdir. Bu hikayeci \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar, okuryazar, az \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ki\u015filerdir. Genellikle sevgi ve kahramanl\u0131k konular\u0131 i\u015flenir. Ki\u015filer ya\u015famdakilere yak\u0131nd\u0131r; ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fckler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Olu\u015fturulduklar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fdaki sosyal yap\u0131y\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Olaylar\u0131n d\u00fczyaz\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 hem dinleyiciye hem anlat\u0131c\u0131ya b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Araya serpi\u015ftirilen \u015fiirler ve T\u00fcrk\u00fcler, \u00e2\u015f\u0131\u011fa saz\u0131 ve s\u00f6z\u00fcyle sanat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme imk\u00e2n\u0131 verir.
\n
\nORTA OYUNU<\/strong>
\nHalk\u0131n ortas\u0131nda apa\u00e7\u0131k duran bir meydanda; metinsiz, sufl\u00f6rs\u00fcz, ezbersiz oynanan bir tiyatrodur. *Anlat\u0131lan olaylar ustadan \u00e7\u0131ra\u011fa, ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa ge\u00e7erek de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frar. *Ba\u015fkarakterler, oyunu a\u00e7an, y\u00fcr\u00fcten, kapayan; hem oyuncu, hem sahneye koyucu, hem de yazar gibi davranan, kenar\u0131 k\u00fcrkl\u00fc kaftan ve k\u00fclah giyen, elinde \u015fak\u015fak ta\u015f\u0131yan Pi\u015fek\u00e2r; Pi\u015fek\u00e2rla birlikte oyunu y\u00fcr\u00fcten; ikinci oyuncu ve ba\u015fkomik, kavuk ve kaftan giyen Kavuklu\u2019dur. *Pi\u015fek\u00e2r cinas\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, Kavuklu ise tekerlemecilik yapar. *\u00c7elebi, Zenne, Denyo, Arnavut, Acem, Arap, Yahudi gibi tipler kendilerini simgeleyen bir m\u00fczikle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

MEDDAH<\/strong>
\nBir s\u00f6zl\u00fc tiyatro \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcolan meddahl\u0131k, k\u0131saca, \u201ctek adaml\u0131 tiyatro\u201cdur. Meddah, tiyatronun b\u00fct\u00fcn karakterlerini kendi ki\u015fili\u011finde birle\u015ftiren bir akt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Bir hik\u00e2yeyi ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar, y\u00fcksek\u00e7e bir yerde, karakterleri \u015fivelerine g\u00f6re konu\u015fturarak anlat\u0131r. Perdesi, sahnesi, dekoru, kost\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmayan bu tiyatroda her \u015fey, meddah denen ki\u015finin zek\u00e2s\u0131na, bilgisine, s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemedeki h\u00fcnerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\nKARAG\u00d6Z<\/strong>
\nTaklide ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmaya dayanan, iki boyutlu tasvirlerle bir perdede oynat\u0131lan g\u00f6lge oyunudur, Ba\u015fkarakterler Karag\u00f6z ve Hacivat\u2019t\u0131r. Karag\u00f6z, okumam\u0131\u015f bir insand\u0131r. Hacivat\u2019\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri anlamaz ya da anlamaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp onlara yanl\u0131\u015f anlamlar y\u00fckleyerek ortaya \u00e7e\u015fitli n\u00fckteler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken bir taraftan da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dil kurallar\u0131 ile yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckler kullanan Hacivat ile alay eder. Hacivat, ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 her zaman \u00f6n planda tutar. Az bu\u00e7uk okumu\u015flu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle konu\u015fmay\u0131 sever. Perdeye gelen hemen herkesi tan\u0131r, onlar\u0131n i\u015flerine arac\u0131l\u0131k eder. Zenne, \u00c7elebi, Tuzsuz Deli Bekir, Beberuhi, Tiryak\u0131, Acem. Laz. Matiz, Zeybek gibi di\u011fer tipler oyuna ayr\u0131 bir renk katar.
\nANON\u0130M HALK EDEB\u0130YATI \u015e\u0130\u0130R B\u0130\u00c7\u0130MLER\u0130<\/strong>
\nT\u00dcRK\u00dc: T\u00fcrl\u00fc ezgilerle s\u00f6ylenen anonim halk \u015fiiri naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. S\u00f6yleyeni belli T\u00fcrk\u00fcler de vard\u0131r. Halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en zengin alan\u0131d\u0131r. Anadolu halk\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve sevin\u00e7lerini T\u00fcrk\u00fclerle dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk\u00fc iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm as\u0131l s\u00f6zlerin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr ki buna \u201cbent\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise bentlerin sonunda yinelenen nakaratt\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcme \u201cba\u011flama\u201d ya da \u201ckavu\u015ftak\u201d denir. T\u00fcrk\u00fcler, genellikle yedili, sekizli, on birli hece kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konular\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik olabilir. Ninniler de bu gruptand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn yapra\u011f\u0131 narindir narin
\n\u0130\u00e7erim yan\u0131yor d\u0131\u015far\u0131m serin
\nZeynep\u201di bu hafta ettiler gelin ( bent )<\/p>\n

Zeynebim Zeynebim anl\u0131 Zeynebim
\n\u00dc\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u015fanl\u0131 Zeynebim ( nakarat )<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00fclerin genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n* Belli bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenir.
\n* 7,8,11,14 li \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle s\u00f6ylenir.
\n* Hemen her konuda s\u00f6ylenir.
\n* B\u00f6lgesel \u00f6zellik ve ad de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011frayabilir.<\/p>\n

MAN\u0130: <\/strong>Halk \u015fiirinde en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Yedi heceli d\u00f6rt dizeden olu\u015fur. Uyak d\u00fczeni aaxa \u015feklindedir. Birinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dizeleri serbest, ikinci ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dizeleri uyakl\u0131 m\u00e2niler de vard\u0131r (xaxa). M\u00e2nilerin ilk iki dizesi uya\u011f\u0131 doldurmak ya da temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye bir giri\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenir. Temel duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce son dizede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca konusu a\u015fk olmakla birlikte bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcrl\u00fc konularda da yaz\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Le beni eyle beni
\nElekten ele beni
\nAlacaksan al art\u0131k
\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme dile beni \u0130pek yorgan d\u00fcreyim
\nA\u00e7 koynuna gireyim
\nA\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6rt beni
\nVar oldu\u011fun bileyim
\nBirinci dizesi yedi heceden az olan m\u00e2niler de vard\u0131r. Dizeleri cinasl\u0131 uyaklarla kuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle m\u00e2nilere \u201cCinasl\u0131 M\u00e2ni\u201d ya da \u201cKesik M\u00e2ni\u201d denir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn al
\nY\u00e2rim giymi\u015f bug\u00fcn al
\n\u015e\u00e2d edersen bug\u00fcn et
\nCan al\u0131rsan bug\u00fcn al
\n S\u00fcr\u00fcne<\/p>\n

Madem \u00e7oban de\u011filsin
\nArd\u0131ndaki s\u00fcr\u00fc ne
\nBen bir k\u00f6rpe kuzuyum
\nAl kat beni s\u00fcr\u00fcne
\nBeni b\u00f6yle yand\u0131ran
\nS\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcne<\/p>\n

Manilerin genel \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n* aaxa \u015feklinde kafiyelenir.
\n* 4+3 \u015feklinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r.
\n* \u0130lk iki dizesi ayr\u0131k yani haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. As\u0131l mesaj \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dizede verilir.
\n* Her konuda s\u00f6ylenebilir.
\n* D\u00fcz, cinasl\u0131 ve art\u0131k mani gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u0130NN\u0130<\/strong>
\n* Annelerin bebeklerini uyutmak amac\u0131yla belli bir ezgi ile s\u00f6yledi\u011fi par\u00e7alard\u0131r.
\n* \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n psikolojisi \u00fczerinde etkilidir
\n* Manzum \u00f6zelliktedirler.<\/p>\n

A\u011eIT<\/strong>
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm ve yas t\u00f6renlerinde s\u00f6ylenen lirik \u015fiirlerdir.
\n\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc ve uyak d\u00fczeni genellikle T\u00fcrk\u00fclerdeki gibidir.
\nislamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201csagu\u201d, Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u201cmersiye\u2019dir. <\/p>\n

C) D\u0130N\u0130-TASAVVUF\u0130 (TEKKE) T\u00dcRK HALK EDEB\u0130YATI<\/strong>
\n* Hem hece hem de aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Eserlerde genellikle Allah sevgisi i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.
\n* Hem d\u00f6rtl\u00fck hem beyit kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Dil halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil olmakla beraber Arapca-Fars\u00e7a kelimelerde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Bu eserleri daha iyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in belli bir dini bilgiye sahip olmak gerekir.
\n* Bu eserlerde d\u00f6nemin \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 da i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.
\n* \u015eairler genellikle dini e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* \u0130lahi, nefes, \u015fathiye, nutuk, devriye, hikmet gibi naz\u0131m \u015fekilleri vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130LAH\u0130<\/strong>
\n* Hecenin 7li-11li kal\u0131b\u0131yla belli bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenen co\u015fkulu \u015fiirlerdir.
\n* Allah\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131 ve Ona kavu\u015fma arzusu i\u015flenir.
\n* Hem hece hem de aruzla yaz\u0131lan ilahiler vard\u0131r.
\n* \u0130lahiye Aleviler Deme, Bekta\u015filer Nefes Mevleviler Ayin ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

NUTUK<\/strong>
\n* Tekkede tarikata yeni giren m\u00fcritlere dinin ve tarikat\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131 aktarmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlere denir.
\n* 11li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ile yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eATH\u0130YE<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Dinin baz\u0131 inceliklerini alay edermi\u015f\u00e7esine anlatan \u015fiirlere denir.
\n* Bir\u00e7ok \u015fair bu \u015fiirlerden dolay\u0131 horlanm\u0131\u015f hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler de olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"Reblog<\/a>
\n