Yer’in i\u00e7i, di\u011fer gezegenler gibi, kimyasal olarak tabakalardan olu\u015fur. Yer’in silikattan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir kabu\u011fu, y\u00fcksek viskoziteli bir mantosu, ak\u0131\u015fkan bir d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ve kat\u0131 halde bir i\u00e7 \u00e7ekirde\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yer’in tabakalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen derinliklerdedir:<\/p>\n
Derinlik (Km) Tabaka D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kabu\u011fu ile bu kabu\u011fun \u00fczerindeki atmosfer(hava) ve hidrosfer (okyanuslar ve denizler)katmanlar\u0131 do\u011frudan g\u00f6zlemle incelenebilir. Oysa D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ula\u015farak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan inceleme olana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgiler depremlerin incelenmesinden ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n i\u00e7inde var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen maddeler \u00fczerindeki deneylerden elde edilmi\u015ftir. Yanarda\u011flar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yerkabu\u011funun y\u00fczeyindeki \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine dayanarak D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6\u00fcmlerinin \u00e7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Yerkabu\u011funun derinliklerine do\u011fru indik\u00e7e kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 her kilometrede 30 \u00b0C kadar y\u00fckselir. B\u00f6ylece; kabu\u011fun en alt katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan kaya\u00e7lar k\u0131z\u0131l kor haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne oranla yerkabu\u011fu \u00e7ok incedir. E\u011fer D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 bir futbol topu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek kabu\u011fu da ancak topun \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir posta pulu kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kabu\u011fun alt\u0131nda kalan kaya\u00e7lar ise akkor s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Depremlerin nedeni, yerkabu\u011fundaki bir k\u0131r\u0131kla birbirinden ayr\u0131lan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctlenin (levhan\u0131n) birdenbire harekete ge\u00e7erek \u00fcst \u00fcste binmesi ya da uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda yerkabu\u011funun \u015fiddetle ileri geri sars\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremde bazi titre\u015fimler D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki dairesel bir alanda “odaklan\u0131r”. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k baz\u0131 titre\u015fimler \u00e7ekirde\u011fi a\u015f\u0131p \u00f6b\u00fcr yana ge\u00e7mez. B\u00f6ylece D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir titre\u015fimin duyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halka bi\u00e7iminde bir “g\u00f6lge” belirir. Bu g\u00f6lgenin boyutlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek \u00e7ekirde\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaplanabilir. Ayr\u0131ca deprem titre\u015fimlerinin yay\u0131lma h\u0131zi saptanarak i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7tikleri maddelerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bile\u015fimi belirlenebilir. Eritilmi\u015f kaya\u00e7larla yap\u0131lan laboratuvar deneyleri bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi, kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 6 ile 70 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir “kabuk” katman\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yerkabu\u011fu denen bu katman daha a\u011f\u0131r maddelerden olu\u015fan ve 2.865 km derine inen \u00e7ok kal\u0131n “manto” katman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine oturur. Mantonun bitti\u011fi yerde D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n merkezine kadar kadar 3.473 km boyunca uzanan “\u00e7ekirdek” ba\u015flar. Jeologlara g\u00f6re, i\u00e7teki manto katman\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kabarma harektleri sonucunda yerkabu\u011funu iterek bir\u00e7ok yerde y\u00fczeye c\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca normal olarak yerkabu\u011funun yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmayan baz\u0131 kaya\u00e7lar da yanarda\u011f\u0131 hareketleri nedeniyle D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n y\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Jeologlar bu verilere dayanarak mantonun \u00fcst kesimlerinin “\u00fcltrabazik” korkaya\u00e7lardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler. Bir yanda “asit” kaya\u00e7 olarak nitelenen granitin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaya\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucunda bulunan bu \u00fcltrabazik kaya\u00e7lar a\u011f\u0131r demir ve magnezyum silikatlardan olu\u015fur. Mantonun alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin de ayn\u0131 yap\u0131da, ama daha a\u011f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ekirde\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddeler ise hem mantodakilerden daha a\u011f\u0131r, hem de hi\u00e7 de\u011filse \u00e7ekirde\u011fin d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ekirde\u011fin i\u00e7inin manto ve kabuk gibi kat\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yor. Yer\u00e7ekirde\u011fin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bilinen elementlerin \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00e7ok yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olarak bulunabilir; ama jeologlar\u0131n genel kan\u0131s\u0131, baz\u0131 demirli g\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131 (meteoritler) gibi \u00e7ekirde\u011fin de metal halindeki nikel ve demirden olu\u015ftu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yer’in i\u00e7i, di\u011fer gezegenler gibi, kimyasal olarak tabakalardan olu\u015fur. Yer’in silikattan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir kabu\u011fu, y\u00fcksek viskoziteli bir mantosu, ak\u0131\u015fkan bir d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ve kat\u0131 halde bir i\u00e7 \u00e7ekirde\u011fi vard\u0131r. Yer’in tabakalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen derinliklerdedir: Derinlik (Km) Tabaka 0\u201360 Litosfer (5 ila 200 km aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir) 0\u201335 … Kabuk (5 ila 70 km aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir) 35\u201360 … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1407"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1407\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n0\u201360 Litosfer (5 ila 200 km aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir)
\n0\u201335 … Kabuk (5 ila 70 km aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir)
\n35\u201360 … mantonun en \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131
\n35\u20132890 Manto
\n100\u2013700 … Atmosfer
\n2890\u20135100 D\u0131\u015f kabuk
\n5100\u20136378 \u0130\u00e7 kabuk <\/strong><\/p>\n