{"id":1278,"date":"2010-02-03T12:39:37","date_gmt":"2010-02-03T10:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1278"},"modified":"2021-01-03T14:34:31","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T11:34:31","slug":"canlilarin-yeryuzunde-dagilisini-etkileyen-faktorler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/canlilarin-yeryuzunde-dagilisini-etkileyen-faktorler.html","title":{"rendered":"Canl\u0131lar\u0131n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Canl\u0131lar\u0131n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler<\/h3>\n<p><strong>F\u0130Z\u0130K\u0130 FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li><strong>\u0130klim<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Yer \u015fekilleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Toprak<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u0130YOLOJ\u0130K FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li><strong>\u0130nsan<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Di\u011fer Canl\u0131lar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>PALEOCO\u011eRAFYA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li><strong>K\u0131talar\u0131n Kaymas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>CANLILARIN YERY\u00dcZ\u00dcNE DA\u011eILI\u015eINDA<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Fiziki Fakt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>1-\u0130KL\u0130M<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Canl\u0131lar\u0131n yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r iklimdir. Bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkilidir.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131cakl\u0131k iste\u011fi fazla olan bitkiler Ekvator \u00e7evresinde yer al\u0131rken, so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olanlar Kutuplara yak\u0131n yerlerde bulunur.<br \/>\nSu bitkiler i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bitkiler ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 suyu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, hava ve topra\u011f\u0131n neminden elde eder.<\/p>\n<p>Bitkilerin \u00e7o\u011funun b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmas\u0131 gereken su miktar\u0131 belli bir oran\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bitkiler ya\u015famsal faaliyetlerini kaybeder. Bu sebeple yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerinde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc c\u0131l\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bitkilerin yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n<p>Genel olarak s\u0131cak iklimlerin etkili oldu\u011fu alanlarda hayvan t\u00fcrleri, so\u011fuk iklim b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6re daha fazlad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kanada\u2019da 15 memeli hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fc varken bu say\u0131 Orta Amerika\u2019da 150\u2019 ye ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrleri ya\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmek i\u00e7in bulunduklar\u0131 yerin iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r. Buna adaptasyon denir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ADAPTASYONA \u00d6RNEKLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>TROP\u0130KALYA\u011eMUR ORMANLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tropikal ormanlar uzun boylu, geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ve s\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lardan meydana gelir. Ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ilgilidir.<br \/>\nEkvatoral ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin %50-70\u2019ini bu ormanlar\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00d6LLER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6ller iklim \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk \u00e7\u00f6l diye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131cak \u00e7\u00f6llerde suyun azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitki ve hayvanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli sorundur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu nedenle \u00e7\u00f6l bitkilerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 suyu buldu\u011fu zaman onu en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde kullanarak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede filizlenir, meyve verir ve tohum sa\u00e7ar. Tohumlar da su buluncaya kadar bekler.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l bitkileri su kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n toprak alt\u0131nda yayg\u0131n k\u00f6kleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisini en aza indirecek kadar ince ve uzundur.<\/p>\n<p>Kakt\u00fcs gibi bitkiler suyu g\u00f6vdelerinde depolar. Yapraklar\u0131n yerini alan dikenler nem kayb\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6l hayvan\u0131n\u0131n rengi ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgedeki hayvanlara k\u0131yasla daha a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>So\u011fuk \u00e7\u00f6ller buzullarla kapl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u0131y\u0131 kesimleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerlerde ya\u015fam pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Burada ya\u015fayan penguen, fok, kutup tilkisi, beyaz ay\u0131 gibi hayvanlar besinlerini genellikle denizden sa\u011flarlar<\/p>\n<p>Kutuplarda ya\u015fayan hayvanlar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve besin yetersizli\u011fi gibi \u015fartlara uyum sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Foklar\u0131n derilerinin alt\u0131nda kal\u0131n bir ya\u011f tabakas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu tabaka so\u011fuk sularda ya\u015fayan foklar\u0131n v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7abuk d\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2-YER \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn hem da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hem de b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde y\u00fckselti, e\u011fim-bak\u0131, da\u011flar\u0131n uzan\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Y\u00fckselti artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131cakl\u0131k azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc de de\u011fi\u015fik katmanlar olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Da\u011flar\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda \u0131l\u0131man iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fidi fazla iken i\u00e7 kesimlerde azd\u0131r. \u00d6rnek; Kuzey Anadolu da\u011flar\u0131 ile Toroslar\u2019\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri yeti\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Kara ve denizlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 da canl\u0131lar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Denizler karada ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in, karalar da denizde ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in yay\u0131lmaya engeldir.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan dolay\u0131 okyanuslardaki adalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck kara par\u00e7alar\u0131nda olmayan bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Kangurunun Avustralya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka yerlerde olmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal yada do\u011fal olmayan etkenler sonucunda meydana gelen baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler kara ve denizler aras\u0131nda canl\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fine neden olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Akdeniz, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ve Hint Okyanusu aras\u0131nda bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015fleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3-TOPRAK<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bitki ve hayvanlar ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in topra\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. Bitkiler ihtiyac\u0131 olan su ve mineralleri k\u00f6kleriyle topraktan almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Topra\u011f\u0131n fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131, kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri, nem, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve canl\u0131 organizmalar bitki hayvanlar\u0131n yer se\u00e7iminde etkili olur.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Biyolojik Fakt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>1-\u0130NSAN<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tehdit eden insan kaynakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r. \u0130nsan, sanayi ve tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerle \u00e7evresini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. Bu durum canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da etkiler.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, sanayi ve teknolojideki geli\u015fmeler ekosistemdeki t\u00fcr kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nT\u00fcr kay\u0131plar\u0131 ekosistemdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tehdit eden insan kaynakl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>\u015fehirlerin yay\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi,<\/li>\n<li>fabrikalardan \u00e7evreye b\u0131rak\u0131lan gazlar,<\/li>\n<li>sanayi at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi kirlilik,<\/li>\n<li>sanayile\u015fme ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r ve meralar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<br \/>\nerozyon,<\/li>\n<li>heyelan,<\/li>\n<li>barajlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>yol yap\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2-D\u0130\u011eER CANLILAR<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ekosistemdeki canl\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131ndan birbirlerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkilerler. Bir b\u00f6lgedeki ot oburlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkilere, et oburlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ot oburlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Paleoco\u011frafya<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>1-KITALARIN KAYMASI<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde, tek kara par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Pangea\u2019dan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc alana kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre boyunca kara ve denizlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131talar\u0131n yakla\u015fmas\u0131 veya uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine, daha \u00f6nce bir arada bulunmayan t\u00fcrlerin birbiriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak etkile\u015fmelerine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2-\u0130KL\u0130M DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin yok olmas\u0131nda, baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin \u00e7evreye uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131nda veya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesinde \u00f6nemli etkendir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak deniz seviyesinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimler, k\u0131y\u0131larda ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin kitlesel olarak yok olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131talar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan ge\u00e7itlerin sular alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ve zaman zaman kara haline ge\u00e7mesi hayvanlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7lerini etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kara haline ge\u00e7mesi Sibirya\u2019dan Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya olan g\u00f6\u00e7leri meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum her iki k\u0131tadaki hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin birbirine benzemesinde etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Canl\u0131lar\u0131n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler F\u0130Z\u0130K\u0130 FAKT\u00d6RLER \u0130klim Yer \u015fekilleri Toprak B\u0130YOLOJ\u0130K FAKT\u00d6RLER \u0130nsan Di\u011fer Canl\u0131lar PALEOCO\u011eRAFYA K\u0131talar\u0131n Kaymas\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri CANLILARIN YERY\u00dcZ\u00dcNE DA\u011eILI\u015eINDA Fiziki Fakt\u00f6rler 1-\u0130KL\u0130M Canl\u0131lar\u0131n yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r iklimdir. Bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkilidir. &#8230; <a title=\"Canl\u0131lar\u0131n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/canlilarin-yeryuzunde-dagilisini-etkileyen-faktorler.html\" aria-label=\"More on Canl\u0131lar\u0131n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":82294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}