{"id":10898,"date":"2012-09-20T21:27:07","date_gmt":"2012-09-20T19:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=10898"},"modified":"2012-09-20T21:27:07","modified_gmt":"2012-09-20T19:27:07","slug":"kultur-nedir-kultur-unsurlari-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/kultur-nedir-kultur-unsurlari-nelerdir.html","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr nedir? K\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131 nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlardan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131yoruz: <\/span>
\n“<\/strong>Tarihin derinliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen; zaman\u0131n ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu, \u015fuurlu tercihlerle, manal\u0131 ve zengin bir sentez olu\u015fturan; sistemli ve sistemsiz \u015fekilde nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan; bu suretle her insanda mensubiyet duygusu, kimlik \u015fuuru kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an; \u00e7evreyi ve \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00fcc\u00fc veren; nesillerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zamana ve gelece\u011fe bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait at\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi geli\u015ftiren; inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n, kabulleni\u015flerin, ya\u015fama \u015fekillerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne K\u00dcLT\u00dcR denir.“<\/strong> Sad\u0131k Kemal TURAL <\/strong><\/span>
\n“<\/strong>k\u00fclt\u00fcr bir toplumun ya\u015fama tarz\u0131d\u0131r.” C. WIESLER <\/strong><\/span>
\n“<\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr denilince kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n hadise \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir toplum da, tabiat\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, insan elinden ve dilinden \u00e7\u0131kma her \u015fey k\u00fclt\u00fcr kavram\u0131 i\u00e7erisine girer “Mehmet KAPLAN <\/strong><\/span>
\n“<\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplulu\u011fu, bir milleti millet yapan , onu ba\u015fka milletlerden ay\u0131ran hayat tezah\u00fcrlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu hayat tezah\u00fcrleri her milletin kendine has olan mill\u00ee de\u011ferleridir.” M. ERG\u0130N <\/strong><\/span>
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki b\u00fct\u00fcn tan\u0131mlarda millet ve milleti meydana getirme, fertler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, tabiata hakim olma, tarihi ba\u011f gibi pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zellik k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait olarak ifade edilmektedir. Demek ki milleti millet yapan madd\u00ee-manev\u00ee de\u011ferlerin hepsine k\u00fclt\u00fcr diyoruz. <\/span>
\nK\u00dcLT\u00dcR UNSURLARI NELERD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>Dil:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dil olmadan \u00f6teki unsurlar\u0131n meydana gelmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dil bir milletin ses d\u00fcnyas\u0131d\u0131r. Her millet kainat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f ve yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda dil k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr hazinesidir. Bir dil, onu kullanan milletin kafa yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, zihninin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/span>
\n2. <\/strong>Din<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Bilhassa eski devirlerde y\u00fczy\u0131llarca bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsuru \u00f6n planda bulunmu\u015f ve \u00f6teki k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dinin milletler \u00fczerindeki hakimiyeti, imparatorluklardan mill\u00ee topluluklara ge\u00e7inceye kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Milliyet\u00e7ilik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda milletler imparatorluklardan kopunca dinin fonksiyonu da azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dinin bir millet i\u00e7erisindeki k\u00fclt\u00fcre etkisi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn di\u011fer unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmesindeki rol\u00fc ise devam etmektedir. Dini bayramlar\u0131m\u0131z ve t\u00f6renlerimiz bunun a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri olarak dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/span>
\n3. <\/strong>Gelenek ve g\u00f6renek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar bir milletin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan veya hepsi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan kanunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklere g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanun, insan\u0131n toplum i\u00e7erisindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler. \u0130nsanlar bu d\u00fczeni as\u0131rlar boyunca gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerle sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasas\u0131 bulunmayan \u00fclkeler vard\u0131r. Bunlar toplum d\u00fczeninin h\u00e2l\u00e2 gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerle sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. Asl\u0131nda ki\u015finin b\u00fct\u00fcn hal ve hareketlerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlarla tanzim etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yasalar genellikle haklar\u0131 ve cezalar\u0131 tayin etmektedir. Oysa insan\u0131n toplumda bir\u00e7ok sosyal ili\u015fkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek, selamla\u015fmak, sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, davetlere kat\u0131lmak, konu\u015fmak, tart\u0131\u015fmak, yazmak vs.. Bu davran\u0131\u015flarda nas\u0131l bir usul\u00fcn gerekti\u011fini kanunlar d\u011fil gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler tayin eder.<\/span>
\n4. <\/strong>Sanat<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sanat, bir millet di\u011fer milletlerden ay\u0131ran, bir millete has duygu ve zevklerin tezah\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekillenmesidir. O milletin g\u00fczeli yaratma ve bulma tarz\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsano\u011flu bar\u0131n\u0131r, beslenir, sosyal ve ruhsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 yaparken oyalanmak, ruhunu ok\u015famak, g\u00fczeli yakalamak, yeni g\u00fczellikler ortaya koymak ister. Bunun sonucunda sanat eseri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Her milletin sanat e\u011filimi ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131r. S\u00f6z, ses , mekan, renk \u0131\u015f\u0131k zevk ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Demek ki sanat bir milletin ortak zevkinin ifade edili\u015fidir. Bur k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsuru edebiyat, resim, mimar\u0131, heykel vb… gibi kollara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span>
\n5. <\/strong>D\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bir milletin ba\u015fka milletlerden farkl\u0131 olan hayat felsefesidir. Bir milletin fertleri ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tutum, zihniyet ve davran\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli ortak \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterirler. Sosyal ve ruh\u00ee olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda fertlerin bu ortak tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 o milletin d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc meydana getirir. Bunun i\u00e7in her millette de\u011ferler ve de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Askerlik, kahramanl\u0131k, a\u015fk , madde, namus, temizlik, ahlak, \u00f6l\u00fcm, e\u011flence vs. Gibi hayat hadiseleri ve kavramlar\u0131 her millette de\u011fi\u015fik davran\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/span>
\n6. <\/strong>Tarih<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Milleti, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc meydana getiren unsurlardan birisi olan tarih, bir milletin \u00e7a\u011flar i\u00e7indeki y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tarih mazidir, fakat bu mazi bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve d\u00fcn\u00fcn fertlerini millet i\u00e7erisinde birbirine ba\u011flayarak gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131r. Fertler aras\u0131nda kader birli\u011fi temin eder. Ayn\u0131 millete mensup insanlar tarih sayesinde akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na varabilirler. Tarih bir milletin nereden gelip nereye gitti\u011fini g\u00f6steren k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsuru olarak, o milletin hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fclt\u00fcr Nedir? Bug\u00fcne kadar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlardan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131yoruz: “Tarihin derinliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen; zaman\u0131n ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu, \u015fuurlu tercihlerle, manal\u0131 ve zengin bir sentez olu\u015fturan; sistemli ve sistemsiz \u015fekilde nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan; bu suretle her insanda mensubiyet duygusu, kimlik \u015fuuru kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an; \u00e7evreyi ve \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00fcc\u00fc veren; nesillerin … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,224],"tags":[131,1081,381,685],"class_list":["post-10898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-edebiyat-dil-anlatim","tag-dil","tag-din","tag-kultur","tag-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10898"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10898\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}