{"id":10767,"date":"2012-09-16T13:39:14","date_gmt":"2012-09-16T11:39:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=10767"},"modified":"2012-09-16T13:39:14","modified_gmt":"2012-09-16T11:39:14","slug":"ilk-turk-devletlerinde-devlet-yonetimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ilk-turk-devletlerinde-devlet-yonetimi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde Devlet Y\u00f6netimi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130slamiyet&#8217;ten \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkler devlete il veya el demi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n Unvanlar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkler H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na \u015eany\u00fc, Tanhu, Hakan, Han, Yabgu, \u0130lteber, \u0130di-kut, Erkin gibi unvanlar vermi\u015fledir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Hakan\u0131n G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetkilerini Tanr\u0131&#8217;dan (Tengri) alan hakanlar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen g\u00f6revi, milletini refah ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olarak ya\u015fatmakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda asker toplamak, orduyu idare etmek, devletin y\u00fcksek meclisini y\u00f6netmek, hakan\u0131n g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hatun (Katun)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hakan\u0131n e\u015fine hatun denirdi. T\u00fcrk devlet idaresinde hatun da s\u00f6z sahibiydi. Sava\u015flarda hakan\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan hatun, devlet adam\u0131 gibi e\u011fitilir ve yeti\u015ftirilirdi. B\u00f6ylece devlet idaresi ve kom\u015fu devletler hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olur, gerekti\u011finde devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapar, el\u00e7i kabul eder ve devlet meclisine kat\u0131labilirdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Veliaht<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra onun yerine ge\u00e7en veliaht\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011ful olmas\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildi. Tahta ge\u00e7ecek ki\u015finin \u00e7o\u011funlukla faydal\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilecek yetene\u011fe sahip bir hanedan \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131, \u00f6n planda tutulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca veliaht k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta ise, amcas\u0131n\u0131n tahta ge\u00e7mesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabiliyordu.<\/li>\n<li>Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hakana verildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hakan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn evlatlar\u0131na da ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, her prensin (tegin) tahtta hak iddia etmesine yol a\u00e7abiliyordu.<\/li>\n<li>Bu suretle karde\u015fler aras\u0131nda do\u011fan <strong>taht m\u00fccadelesi<\/strong>, \u00fcst\u00fcn gelen taraf\u0131n hakan olmas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrerdi. Ancak bu m\u00fccadeleler devletin zay\u0131flamas\u0131, hatta par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na dahi yol a\u00e7abilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Hakanl\u0131k<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hanedandan olan b\u00fct\u00fcn erkeklerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olma haklar\u0131 vard\u0131. (Karde\u015fler, karde\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, amca, amca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve di\u011fer hanedan \u00fcyeleri).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kut Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrkler devleti y\u00f6netme yetkisinin Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verildi\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilen bu y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131na kut diyorlard\u0131. Kut&#8217;un kan yoluyla h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n t\u00fcm erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kut Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0B\u00fct\u00fcn hanedan \u00fcyelerinde kut oldu\u011fundan kendine siyasi ve askeri bak\u0131mdan g\u00fcvenen ki\u015fi tahta kavgas\u0131na girebiliyordu. Bu durum T\u00fcrk devletlerini ya i\u00e7 sava\u015f sonucu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, ya da b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrk t\u00f6resinde ana-babaya itaat esas olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur. Devletin devam\u0131 i\u00e7in baba-o\u011ful veya karde\u015flerin birbirleriyle m\u00fccadelesi normal kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sayede en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve en yetenekli ki\u015fi devletin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0130kili Y\u00f6netim (\u00c7ifte Krall\u0131k)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrk devletlerinde h\u00fck\u00fcmdar y\u00f6netimi kolayla\u015f-t\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkeyi Sol (Do\u011fu) ve Sa\u011f (Bat\u0131) olmak \u00fczere ikiye ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Ortada (Merkezde) ise as\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bulunurdu. Sa\u011f ve Solda ise Hanedan \u00fcyelerinden Yabgu&#8217;lar bulunurdu.<\/li>\n<li>Eski T\u00fcrklerde siyasi te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n en \u00fcst kademesini &#8220;il&#8221; (devlet) meydana getiriyordu.<\/li>\n<li>Bodun&#8217;lar ve Boy&#8217;lar\u0131n merkezden idare edilmesi sayesinde \u0130l&#8217;de birle\u015fmi\u015f olan halk, &#8220;t\u00f6re&#8221; denilen ortak idari ve hukuki d\u00fczenle y\u00f6netilirdi. Demek ki T\u00fcrk &#8220;il&#8221;i yurdu koruyan, milleti huzur ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fatan bir siyasi kurulu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130slamiyet&#8217;ten \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkler devlete il veya el demi\u015flerdir. \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n Unvanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkler H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na \u015eany\u00fc, Tanhu, Hakan, Han, Yabgu, \u0130lteber, \u0130di-kut, Erkin gibi unvanlar vermi\u015fledir. \u00a0Hakan\u0131n G\u00f6revleri H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetkilerini Tanr\u0131&#8217;dan (Tengri) alan hakanlar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen g\u00f6revi, milletini refah ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olarak ya\u015fatmakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda asker toplamak, orduyu idare etmek, devletin y\u00fcksek meclisini &#8230; <a title=\"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde Devlet Y\u00f6netimi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ilk-turk-devletlerinde-devlet-yonetimi.html\" aria-label=\"More on \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde Devlet Y\u00f6netimi\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[4931,4924,4927,4932,4930,4929,4933,4925,4926,4928],"class_list":["post-10767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-erkin","tag-hakan","tag-han","tag-hatun","tag-idi-kut","tag-ilteber","tag-kut","tag-sanyu","tag-tanhu","tag-yabgu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10767\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}