T\u00fcrklerin 10. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130sl\u00e2miyeti kabul etmesiyle birlikte din, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayatlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde bilim dili olarak Arap\u00e7a, edebiyat dili olarak da Fars\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131ndaki bu etkilenme sonucu Arap\u00e7a\u2019dan Fars\u00e7adan dilimize pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve kavram girmi\u015ftir. Ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir taraftan da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde (932-1212) dil ve edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli say\u0131lan Kutadgu Bilig, Divan\u00fc L\u00fcgati\u2019t T\u00fcrk ve Atabet\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k adl\u0131 eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u015eimdi bu eserleri g\u00f6relim:
\nKutatgu Bilig: Karahanl\u0131lar devrinde 1068 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yusuf Has Hacip taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eser sonradan eklenen \u00f6n s\u00f6z ve son s\u00f6z b\u00f6l\u00fcleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 6520 beyitten olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Arada d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok az say\u0131da b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere de rastlan\u0131r. Eser bir siyasetnamedir. \u0130yi bir devlet y\u00f6netiminin olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6netim kadrosunda bulunan bey, vezir, s\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131 (ordu komutan\u0131), ulu\u011f hacip (ba\u015f mabeyinci), kapug\u00e7\u0131 (te\u015frifat\u00e7\u0131), yalava\u00e7 (el\u00e7i), topug\u00e7\u0131 (hizmet\u00e7i) gibi her kademedeki g\u00f6revli ki\u015filerin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 ve ne gibi nitelikler ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilir. Eserde yer yer atas\u00f6zlerine, deyimlere ve bilgece s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f s\u00f6zlere yer verilmi\u015ftir.ATIM
\nDivan\u00fc L\u00fbgati\u2019t T\u00fcrk: Karahanl\u0131lar devrinde Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan 1072- 1074 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Arap\u00e7a kadar zengin bir dil oldu\u011funu hatta \u201cT\u00fcrk dili ile Arap dilinin at ba\u015f\u0131 beraber y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut kendisi bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar soyundan olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n 20 y\u0131l kadar T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, 7500 civar\u0131nda s\u00f6zc\u00fck derlemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece \u0130sl\u00e2miyetten \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme ait pek \u00e7ok say\u0131da ko\u015fuk, sagu, sav vb. derlemi\u015ftir.
\nAtabet\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k: 12. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ile 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Edip Ahmet taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atabet\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k \u201cHakikatlerin E\u015fi\u011fi\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. 484 dizeden olu\u015fan, ahlak\u00ee, \u00f6\u011fretici tarzda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manzum bir eserdir. Eserin tamam\u0131 d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden ve beyitlerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Eser, \u00c7a\u011fatay leh\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
D\u0130L VE ANLATIM 25<\/strong> T\u00fcrklerin 10. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130sl\u00e2miyeti kabul etmesiyle birlikte din, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayatlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde bilim dili olarak Arap\u00e7a, edebiyat dili olarak da Fars\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131ndaki bu etkilenme sonucu Arap\u00e7a\u2019dan Fars\u00e7adan dilimize pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve kavram girmi\u015ftir. Ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir taraftan da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,12],"tags":[223,20834],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nAnadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin geli\u015fmesi ise \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: 11-12 ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Anadolu\u2019da Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 devleti y\u00f6netime hakimdi. Bu d\u00f6nemde devletin resm\u00ee dili Fars\u00e7a idi. Edebiyat ve sanat dili olarak Fars\u00e7a, bilim dili olarak da medreselerde Arap\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretiliyordu. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cavam dili\u201d say\u0131lmakta, bu nedenle de hor g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Ayd\u0131nlar dahi eserlerini Arap\u00e7a \u2013Fars\u00e7a ya da bu dillerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla yaz\u0131yorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin geli\u015fimine 12 ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u015eeyyat Hamza, Ahmet Fakih, Yunus Emre, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli, Hoca Dehhani, Dede Korkut vb. pek \u00e7ok yazar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.6
\n\u00d6ZET<\/strong>
\nYery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki dillerde ses, yap\u0131 ve s\u00f6z dizimi bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131 benzerlik ve yak\u0131nl\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlara dil akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ailesi) denir. D\u00fcnya dilleri yap\u0131 ve k\u00f6ken bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenir. Yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tek heceli diller, eklemeli (biti\u015fken) diller ve \u00e7ekimli (b\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc) diller olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00f6ken bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Hint-Avrupa dilleri, Hami-Sami dilleri, Bantu dilleri ve \u00c7in-Tibet dilleri ile Ural-Altay dilleri olmak \u00fczere be\u015fe ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlardan Hint Avrupa dilleri Hint kolu ve Avrupa kolu olmak \u00fczere kendi aralar\u0131nda ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan eklemeli; k\u00f6ken bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ural-Altay dil ailesinin Altay koluna girer. T\u00fcrk dili ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelinceye dek birtak\u0131m a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nBu a\u015famalar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: Altay \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, En eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, \u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 ve Modern T\u00fcrk\u00e7e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"