{"id":1002,"date":"2009-11-06T22:30:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-06T20:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=1002"},"modified":"2009-11-06T22:30:47","modified_gmt":"2009-11-06T20:30:47","slug":"siir-turleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/siir-turleri.html","title":{"rendered":"\u015eiir T\u00fcrleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u0130\u0130R T\u00dcRLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- L\u0130R\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lirik \u015fiir duygular\u0131n co\u015fkun bir dille anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 edebiyat eserlerinin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Latince lyricus, Yunanca lyricos, Frans\u0131zca lyrique kelimelerinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 ise; co\u015fkun, ilhamla dolu demektir. Eski Yunan’da kullan\u0131lan lirik s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131yordu.
\nBireysel duygular\u0131n i\u00e7ten geldi\u011fi gibi, co\u015fkulu, etkili bir dille anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na da lirizm denir. S\u0131fat olarak esin dolu, co\u015fkun, i\u00e7li bir dili bulunan anlamlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan lirik s\u00f6z\u00fc, bu niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan d\u00fczyaz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de niteler. Ayn\u0131 genellik lirizm i\u00e7in de s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Eski Yunan edebiyat\u0131nda ozanlar \u015fiirlerini lir denen telli bir sazla s\u00f6yledikleri i\u00e7in, bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fiirlere lirik denmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda da \u00e2\u015f\u0131k, ya da saz \u015fairi ad\u0131 verilen halk ozanlar\u0131 \u015fiirlerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 sazla s\u00f6ylemektedirler. Lirik \u015fiirde toplumsal mutluluk ya da fel\u00e2ketlerden duyulan sevin\u00e7 ya da ac\u0131 gibi ortak duygular; ya da a\u015fk, ayr\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6zlem, \u00f6l\u00fcm ac\u0131s\u0131, vb. gibi bireysel duygular anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Lirik \u015fiir d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok i\u015flenen ve sevilen \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn lirik \u015fiir, ozan\u0131n en i\u00e7ten duygular\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi\u011fi bir t\u00fcr olarak bilinir. Yunan\u2019da lirik \u015fiirin \u00f6z\u00fcnde duygular vard\u0131r ama bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra lyra e\u015fli\u011finde s\u00f6ylenen \u015fiir anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Lirik \u015fiirde genellikle ozan\u0131n kendi duygular\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle solo liri\u011finde ki\u015finin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. Lirik \u015fiirin ilk \u00f6rnekleri ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve ilk lirik \u015fiirlerin konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda hymnoslar(tanr\u0131lara \u00f6vg\u00fcler) ve mitoloji vard\u0131r. Lirin icad\u0131n\u0131n da mitolojik bir hik\u00e2yesi vard\u0131r tanr\u0131 Mercurius\u2019un kaplumba\u011fan\u0131n kabu\u011fundan lir yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ana karn\u0131nda m\u00fczik \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir, bu sebepten lirik \u015fiir m\u00fczikle i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Lirik \u015fiirin i\u015flevi, insana g\u00fczelli\u011fi, inceli\u011fi sunmak ve ki\u015fide m\u00fczik e\u011fitiminin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda halk \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (veya halk \u015fairlerinin) s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirlerin \u00e7o\u011fu liriktir.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda R\u00f6nesans devri ozanlar\u0131n\u0131n (Petrarca, Ronsard, vb.); daha sonra da, ilke olarak i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benimseyen romantik ozanlar\u0131n (Lamartine, Hugo, Musset, vb.) duygusal ve \u00f6znel bir nitelik g\u00f6steren \u015fiirleri bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleridir. Lirik \u015fiir, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda da en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan \u015fiir t\u00fcrlerinden biri olmu\u015f; Divan edebiyat\u0131nda (Fuzuli, Nedim, vb.), Halk tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131nda (Yunus Emre, vb.), din-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 Halk edebiyat\u0131nda (Karacao\u011flan, vb.) ve yeni edebiyatta (Yahya Kemal, vb.) bu alanda b\u00fcy\u00fck ozanlar yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nBu t\u00fcre \u00f6rnek olarak; Fuz\u00fbli’nin “Su” kasidesi, Yahya Kemal Beyatl\u0131’n\u0131n “Hayal \u015eehir” ve Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un “B\u00fclb\u00fcl” isimli \u015fiirleri verilebilir.<\/p>\n

2- EP\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Epik \u015fiir, kahramanl\u0131k, yurt sevgisi gibi liriklik bildiren \u015fiirdir. Epik \u015fiirler “Do\u011fal Epik” ve “Yapay Epik” olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 anlamda hamasi \u015fiir, kahramanl\u0131k \u015fiiri, destani \u015fiir ad\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal Epik<\/strong>
\nBir halk\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyip, derin izler b\u0131rakan tarihi olaylar\u0131, kahramanl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fc ile i\u015fleyen manzum hik\u00e2yelerdir. Yunanlar’\u0131n \u0130lyada Destan\u0131 , Finler’in Kalevala Destan\u0131 , Hindular\u0131n Mahabharata Destan\u0131 do\u011fal epi\u011fe birer \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

Yapay Epik<\/strong>
\nYak\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fdaki milletlerin hayatlar\u0131na ait tarih ya da toplum olaylar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan \u015fiirlerdir. \u0130talyan Tasso\u2019nun Kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kud\u00fcs’\u00fc , Firdevsi\u2019nin \u015eehnamesi , John Milton\u2019un Kay\u0131p Cennet’i yapay epi\u011fe birer \u00f6rnektir. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerinden Faz\u0131l H\u00fcsn\u00fc Da\u011flarca\u2019n\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 \u015eehitler Destan\u0131 ve benzeri eserler de yapay epik \u015fiirlere \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

3- PASTORAL \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pastoral \u015fiir (fr. Pastorale) do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini anlatan \u015fiirlerdir. K\u0131r, \u00e7oban hayat\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u0131plak tabiat g\u00fczelliklerini tan\u0131t\u0131p sevdirmek gayesini ta\u015f\u0131yan edeb\u00ee eserlerdir. Do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 bir sevgi, bir imrenme s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu s\u00f6z i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu \u00e7obanlama kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eiir, roman, hik\u00e2ye, tiyatro, mektup, makale, seyahat; f\u0131kra; hayrat; sohbet gibi edeb\u00ee t\u00fcrlerin hepsi pastoral bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle yaz\u0131labilir. Bat\u0131da, pastoral \u015fiirlerden do\u011frudan do\u011fruya tabiat manzaralar\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131ran idil; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fma tarz\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan pastoral manzumelere eglog denilir. Yunan edebiyat\u0131ndan Theokritos (M.\u00d6. III. y\u00fczy\u0131l), L\u00e2tin edebiyat\u0131ndan Vergilius (M.\u00d6. 70 – 19) en b\u00fcy\u00fck pastoral \u015fiir \u00f6rneklerini veren \u015fairlerdir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrleri:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130dil: \u015eairin do\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatmas\u0131na idil denir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Eglog: \u015eairin duygular\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00e7obanla konu\u015fuyormu\u015f gibi anlatmas\u0131na Eglog denir. <\/p>\n

Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda idil denilebilecek pastoral \u015fiirler varsa da eglog tarz\u0131 \u015fiir yoktur. Bunu Tevfik Fikret denemi\u015f ancak pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[kaynak belirtilmeli] Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Yahya Kemal, Beh\u00e7et Necatigil, Cahit K\u00fclebi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 pastoral \u015fiir \u00f6rnekleri vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Pastoral \u015fiir \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:<\/p>\n

Yan\u0131k bir kaval sesi geliyordu uzaktan
\nDerdi da\u011flardan a\u015fk\u0131n ak abal\u0131 bir \u00e7obandan
\n\u00d6n\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ard\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcleri
\n\u0130niyordu yemye\u015fil, dumanl\u0131 bir yama\u00e7tan<\/p>\n

4- D\u0130DAKT\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Didaktik \u015eiir belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u015f\u0131lamak veya belli bir konuda \u00f6\u011f\u00fct, bilgi vermek, bir ahlak i \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6\u011fretici nitelikte yaz\u0131lan, duygu y\u00f6n\u00fc az olan \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u0131saca \u00f6\u011fretici \u015fiirdir. Yusuf Has Hacip\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig, A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Garibname, Nabi\u2019nin Hayriye bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6rnekleridir. Tanzimat\u2019tan sonraki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda Ziya Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Terkib-i Bend; Tevfik Fikret\u2019in Haluk’un Defteri ve \u015eermin; Mehmet Akif\u2019in S\u00fcleymaniye K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde, As\u0131m adl\u0131 eserleri de bu tarzda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc eserler. Fabl t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki eserler de \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

5- SAT\u0130R\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Satirik \u015fiir ele\u015ftirici bir anlat\u0131m\u0131 olan \u015fiirlerdir. Bir ki\u015fi, olay veya durum i\u011fneleyici s\u00f6zlerle, alayl\u0131 ifadelerle ele\u015ftirilir. Bunlarda Didaktik \u015fiir \u00f6zellikleri de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, Didaktik \u015fiirler i\u00e7inde de incelenebilir. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131k bir ele\u015ftiri oldu\u011fundan ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131fa al\u0131nmas\u0131 daha do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr \u015fiirlere Divan Edebiyat\u0131nda Hiciv, Halk Edebiyat\u0131nda Ta\u015flama, Yeni Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda ise yergi ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda Nef’i, Seyrani, Ziya Pa\u015fa, Neyzen Tevfik, Orhan Veli Kan\u0131k bu t\u00fcr \u015fiir \u00f6rnekleri vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da satirik \u015fiir \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
\nBir arzuhal yazsan makama varsan
\nA\u011flasan derdini davan\u0131 sorsan
\nA\u011f\u0131r hasta olsan hekime varsan
\nYarana bir ila\u00e7 s\u00fcrmez paras\u0131z.<\/p>\n

6- DRAMAT\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dramatik \u015eiir, ac\u0131kl\u0131 ya da korkun\u00e7 bir konuyu anlatan \u015fiir; insan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde tiyatro gibi konuyu canland\u0131rabilen \u015fiir; opera i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan manzum dramlardaki \u015fiir. Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda Corneille, Racine, Shakespeare; T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda Nam\u0131k Kemal,ankaral\u0131 nam\u0131k Abd\u00fclhak Hamit Tarhan, Faruk Nafiz \u00c7aml\u0131bel dramatik \u015fiirin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini verirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u0130\u0130R T\u00dcRLER\u0130 1- L\u0130R\u0130K \u015e\u0130\u0130R Lirik \u015fiir duygular\u0131n co\u015fkun bir dille anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 edebiyat eserlerinin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Latince lyricus, Yunanca lyricos, Frans\u0131zca lyrique kelimelerinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 ise; co\u015fkun, ilhamla dolu demektir. Eski Yunan’da kullan\u0131lan lirik s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131yordu. Bireysel duygular\u0131n i\u00e7ten geldi\u011fi gibi, co\u015fkulu, etkili bir dille anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na da lirizm denir. S\u0131fat olarak esin … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[217,219],"class_list":["post-1002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","tag-siir","tag-siir-turleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1002"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}