2013-2014 TEOG ingilizce sınav tarihi ve kazanımları

2013-2014 TEOG ingilizce konuları, 2014 TEOG ingilizce sınav tarihi, 2014 TEOG ingilizce kazanımları, 2014 ingilizce Merkezi sınav tarihi ve kazanımları

Ortaokulların 8 inci sınıflannda 2013-2014 Eğitim Öğretim Yılında Türkçe, matematik, fen ve teknoloji, T.C. inkılap tarihi ve Atatürkçülük, yabancı dil ile din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi derslerinde; bir dönemde iki sınav yapılan derslerin ilk sınavı, bir dönemde üç sınav yapılan derslerin ise ikinci sınavı merkezi sistem ortak sınav,seklinde uygulanacaktır.

Merkezi sistem ortak sınavların yapılacağı tarihe kadar öğretim programlannın islerıisinde’Tiirkiye genelinde birlik sağlamak amacıyla 2013-2014 Eğitim Öğretim Yılına mahsus olmak üzere, çalısma takvimine göre konu/kazanımlarm dağılımını gösteren çizelgeler hazırlanrrus ve “httpı//ttkb.meb.gov.tr/” adresinde yayımlanmıştır.

Merkezi sistem ortak sınavda kapsam birlikteliğinin sağlanması açısından öğretmenlerin yıllık planlannı uygulamalannda bu çizelgelerin dikkate alınması önem arz etmektedir. 2013-2014 Eğitim Öğretim Yılında birinci dönem merkezi sistem ortak sınavın 2013 yılı Kasım ayının son haftasında, ikinci dönem merkezi sistem ortak sınavın ise 2014 yılı Nisan ayının son haftasında yapılması planlanmıştır. Merkezi sistem ortak sınavların kesin tarihleri ile uygulanmasına iliskin hususlar Bakanlığımızca hazırlanacak yönerge ve kılavuzla düzenlenecektir. Çalışma takvimine göre konu/kazanımların dağılımını gösteren çizelgelerin uygulanmasında aşağıdaki hususların dikkate alırıması gerekmektedir:

I.Birinci dönemde yapılacak merkezi sistem ortak sınavda sorulacak soruların kapsamı, eğitim öğretim yılının bal’ından “BİRİNCİ DÖNEM MERKEZI SİSTEM ORTAK SINA V”ın yapılacağı tarihe kadar olan konu/kazanımlarla sınırlı olacaktır.

2.İkinci dönemde yapılacak merkezi sistem ortak sınavda sorulacak soruların kapsamı ise eğitim öğretim yılının bal’ından “İKİNcİ DÖNEM MERKEZI SİSTEM ORTAK SINAV”ın yapılacağı tarihe kadar işlenecek olan tüm konu! kazanımlarla sınırlı olacaktır.

3.”BİRİNcİ DÖNEM MERKEZI SİSTEM ORTAK SINAV”ın ve “İKİNcİ DÖNEM MERKEZI SİSTEM ORTAK SINA V’tın yapılıs tarihi itibariyle, çalısına takviminde belirtildiği sekilde konu! kazanımların süresi içinde işlenmesi ve bu bağlamda öğrencilerin eksiklerinin kalmaması için okul yönetimleri ve öğretmenler gerekli tedbirleri alacaktır.

4.Çizelgelerde “birinci dönem merkezi sistem ortak sınav” ve “ikinci dönem merkezi sistem ortak sınav” dışında öğretmenlerin yapacaklan diğer sınavlar için belirtilmiş olan tarihler öneri niteliğinde olup öğretmenler bu sınavlan belirleyecekleri bir tarihte de yapabileceklerdir.

2013 – 2014 EĞİTİM ÖĞRETİM YILI 8. SINIF İNGİLİZCE DERSİ KONULARININ ÇALIŞMA TAKVİMİNE GÖRE DAĞILIM ÇİZELGESİ

 

UNIT   1 FRIENDSHIP

MonthWeekHour 

FUNCTIONS

 

SKILLS

SEPTEMBER

3rd  &     4th  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

412

Describing personal   qualities.Advising others to do   something.Expressing opinions and making choices.

Instructing or   directing others to do something.

Inquiring and   expressing how certain/uncertain one is of something.

Inquiring about and   expressing expectations.

Asking for and giving   information about habits and pastimes.

 

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Speaking

Making him/herself   understood in short contributions, even though pauses, false starts and   reformulation are very evident.

Constructing phrases   on familiar topics with sufficient ease to handle short exchanges, despite   very noticeable hesitation and false starts.

Interacting with   reasonable ease in structured situations and short conversations, provided   the other person helps if necessary.

Asking and answering   questions and exchange ideas and information on familiar topics in   predictable everyday situations.

 

OCTOBER

EKİM

1st

4

UNIT 2 ROAD   TO SUCCESS

OCTOBER

2nd  & 4th

 

8

 

Following and giving   simple instructions.Describing simple   processes.Drawing simple   conclusions.

Imparting and seeking   factual information: identifying, asking, and describing personal qualities.

 

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material such as travel guides,   brochures, etc.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Understanding concepts   and their relationships and grouping them.

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Writing

Making notes

Taking notes

Underlining,   highlighting, circling key concepts.

Summarizing in the   form of lists and charts.

Transferring   information

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Speaking

Delivering very short   rehearsed announcements of predictable, learnt content which are intelligible   to listeners who are prepared to concentrate.

Giving a short,   rehearsed presentation on a topic pertinent to his/her everyday life, briefly   give reasons and explanations for opinions, plans and actions.

Coping with a limited   number of straightforward follow up questions.

 

 

UNIT 3 IMPROVING ONE’S LOOKS

OCTOBER

 

5th  

 

4

 

Seeking and giving   informationWarning others to take   care or to refrain from doing something, instructing or directing others to   do something.Seeking and giving   advice

Suggesting a course of   action.

Responding to offers   and suggestions.

Drawing simple   conclusions and making recommendations.

Describing people   (personal appearance, qualities)

 

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances on everyday topics of a   concrete type to derive the probable meaning of unknown words from the   context.

Writing

Writing short, simple   notes and messages relating to matters in areas of immediate need.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific information   in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances on everyday topics of a   concrete type to derive the probable meaning of unknown words from the   context.

Speaking

Describing everyday   aspects of his/her environment

Using simple   descriptive language to make brief statements.

Finding out and   passing on straightforward factual information.

Discussing practical   issues in a simple way when addressed clearly, slowly and directly.

Explaining what s/he   likes or dislikes about something.

Using an inadequate   word from his/her repertoire and using gesture to clarify what he/she wants   to say.

Communicating in   simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of   information on familiar and routine matters.

Participating in short   conversations in routine contexts on topics of interest.

Asking and answering   questions about habits and routines.

NOVEMBER

 

 

 

 

1st &    2nd

8

 

  1. I.    DÖNEM   BİRİNCİ SINAV

 

UNIT   4 DREAMS

NOVEMBER

 

3rd &    4th 

8

Imparting and seeking factual   information.Expressing surprise.Talking about past   events and states in the past. Understanding and producing simple narratives.

Expressing (in)ability   in the past.

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific, predictable   information in simple everyday material

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing very short,   basic descriptions of events and past activities.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Speaking

Interacting with   reasonable ease in structured situations and short conversations.

 

 

 

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.Dealing with practical   everyday demands: finding out and passing on straightforward factual   information.Asking and answering   questions about past events and activities.

Using simple techniques   to start; maintaining, or ending a short conversation.

Initiating,   maintaining and closing simple, face-to-face conversation.

Asking for attention.

Indicating when he/she   is following.

Asking very simply for   repetition when he/she does not understand.

Asking for   clarification about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases.

Saying he/she didn’t   follow.

 

 

BİRİNCİ DÖNEM MERKEZÎ SİSTEM   ORTAK SINAV

 

UNIT   5 ATATÜRK: THE FOUNDER OF TURKISH REPUBLIC

DECEMBER

 

1st    &  2nd

 

8

Imparting and seeking   factual information.Talking about past   events and states in the past. Understanding and producing simple narratives.Expressing (in)ability   in the past.ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing very short,   basic descriptions of events and past activities.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Speaking

Interacting with   reasonable ease in structured situations and short conversations.

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Dealing with practical   everyday demands: finding out and passing on straightforward factual   information.

Asking and answering   questions about past events and activities.

Using simple   techniques to start; maintaining, or ending a short conversation.

Initiating,   maintaining and closing simple, face-to-face conversation

Asking for attention.

Indicating when he/she   is following.

Asking very simply for   repetition when he/she does not understand.

Asking for clarification   about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases.

Saying he/she didn’t   follow.

DECEMBER

EKİM

3rd    &  4th

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

8

 

 

 

 

 

412

Imparting and seeking   factual information.Talking about past   events and states in the past. Understanding and producing simple narratives.Expressing (in)ability   in the past.ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the

information required

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing very short,   basic descriptions of events and past

activities

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific information   in simple recorded texts.

Identifying the main   point of reports of events where the visual supports the commentary.

Speaking

Dealing with practical   everyday demands: finding out and passing on straightforward factual   information.

Asking and answering   questions about past events and activities.

Giving a simple   description or presentation of people and places.

Telling a story or   describing something in a simple list of points

Giving short basic descriptions of events and   activities.

 

UNIT   7 PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

JANUARY

1st &    2nd

 

8

Imparting and seeking   factual information.Talking about personal   experiences.ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing very short,   basic descriptions of events and personal experiences.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Speaking

Dealing with practical   everyday demands: finding out and passing on straightforward factual   information.

Asking and answering   questions about personal experiences.

Giving a simple   description or presentation of people and places.

Handling very short   social exchanges about personal experiences.

Making him/herself   understood in an interview and communicating ideas and information on   familiar topics.

 

 

 

UNIT 8 COOPERATION IN THE FAMILY

JANUARY

3rd  &     4th

8

Requesting others to   do something.Instructing or   directing others to do something.Requesting assistance.

Refusing.

Apologizing.

Talking about recent   activities and completed actions.

Expressing gratitude.

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in simple everyday

Material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Locating the topic sentence   and supporting details and examples.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing very short,   basic descriptions of events and personal

Experiences.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Speaking

Dealing with practical   everyday demands: finding out and passing on straightforward factual   information.

Checking whether   someone has done something or not.

Handling very short   social exchanges about personal experiences

Using an inadequate   word from his/her repertoire and using gesture to clarify what he/she wants   to say.

Giving thanks.

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Accepting or refusing   a request.

 

 

  1. I.   DÖNEM ÜÇÜNCÜ   SINAV

 

UNIT 9 SUCCESS STORIES

FEBRUARY

2nd & 3rd & 4th

 

12

 

  

Imparting and seeking   factual information.

Describing education   qualifications and skills.

Talking   about accomplishments.

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific, predictable   information in simple everyday material.

Locating specific   information in lists and isolating the information required.

Locating the topic   sentence and supporting details and examples.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”   and “because”.

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences about people, their educational background and   accomplishments.

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

   

 

 

412

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.SpeakingGiving a simple   description or presentation of people.

Using an inadequate   word from his/her repertoire and using gesture to clarify what he/she wants   to say.

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Communicating in   simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of   information on familiar and routine matters.

Talking   about people, their educational background and accomplishments.

 

UNIT   10 READING FOR ENTERTAINMENT

MARCH

1st & 2nd

8

Understanding and   producing simple narratives.Expressing   accomplishments.Expressing recent   activities and completed actions.

Expressing personal   experiences.

 ReadingUnderstanding a short   story.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of a text and utterances to derive the probable meaning of   unknown words from the context.

Understanding the   relation between people and events.

Making a story   flowchart.

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Summarizing gist.

Listening

Predicting the mood of   a story by the help of the melody.

Speaking

Giving a simple   description or presentation of people and events.

Discussing events in a   story or the plot in a simple way.

Saying what he/she   thinks about things in a story.

Asking for   clarification about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases.

 

 

UNIT   11 PERSONAL GOALS

MARCH

  3rd   &  4th 

 

 

8

 

Understanding simple   stories and acknowledging others’ viewpoints.Expressing personal goals   and outcomes.Inquiring about and   expressing want, desire.

Asking and answering   questions to check on meaning (purpose) and intention.

Expressing purpose,   cause and result, and giving reasons.

 ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.

Finding specific,   predictable information in stories

Locating specific   information in quotes or slogans and isolating the information required.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Summarizing gist.

Making a list of   personal goals.

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “because”.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

 

 

 

SpeakingGiving a simple   description or presentation of people and events.Discussing events in a   story or the plot in a simple way.

Saying what he/she   thinks about things in a story.

Asking for   clarification about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Communicating in   simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of   information.

Performing and   responding to basic language functions, such as information exchange and   requests and express opinions and attitudes in a simple way.

 

 II. DÖNEM BİRİNCİ SINAV

 

UNIT   12 PERSONALITY TYPES

APRIL

1st &    2nd

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identifying and   expressing personal strengths and weaknesses.

Describing people in terms of personal   qualities

 ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.

Finding specific,   predictable information in texts

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Filling in tests and   questionnaires

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Summarizing gist.

Writing a series of   simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “because”.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Speaking

Giving a simple   description or presentation of people and events.

Asking for   clarification about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases.

Understanding enough   to manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Communicating in   simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of   information.

Performing and responding to basic language   functions, such as information exchange and requests and express opinions and   attitudes in a simple way.

 

UNIT   13 LANGUAGE LEARNING

APRIL

 3rd   & 4th &  5th   

 

 

12

 

 

Expressing opinions   and judgments.

 

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in texts

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Summarizing gist.

Using the most   frequently occurring connectors to link simple sentences in order to describe   something as a simple list of points.

 

 

 

ListeningCatching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Speaking

Describing something   in a simple list of points.

Giving a short,   rehearsed presentation on a topic pertinent to his/her everyday life, briefly   give reasons and explanations for opinions.

Making him/herself   understood in short contributions, even though pauses, false starts and   reformulation are very evident.

Communicating what   he/she wants to say in a simple and direct exchange of limited information on   familiar and routine matters, but in other situations he/she generally has to   compromise the message.

 

İKİNCİ DÖNEM MERKEZÎ SİSTEM ORTAK SINAV

 

 

UNIT   14 PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

MAY

1st & 2nd

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Warning others to take   care or refrain from doing something.

Advising others to do   something.

Suggesting a course of   action.

 ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.

Finding specific,   predictable information in texts

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Using the most   frequently occurring connectors to link simple sentences in order to describe   something as a simple list of points.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Speaking

Describing something   in a simple list of points.

Giving a short,   rehearsed presentation on a topic pertinent to his/her everyday life, briefly   give reasons and explanations for opinions.

Making him/herself   understood in short contributions, even though pauses, false starts and   reformulation are very evident.

Making and responding   to suggestions.

Exchanging limited   information on familiar and routine operational matters.

 

 

UNIT   15 PREFERENCES

MAY

3rd &    4th

 

8

 

Inquiring about and   expressing agreement and disagreement.Offering to do   something.

Accepting or declining   an offer or invitation.

Inquiring about and   expressing preference.

Inquiring about and   expressing want, desire.

ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.Finding specific,   predictable information in texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context.

Writing

Using the most   frequently occurring connectors to link simple sentences in order to describe   something as a simple list of points.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using an idea of the overall   meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning of   unknown words from the contextSpeakingMaking him/herself   understood in short contributions, even though pauses, false starts and   reformulation are very evident.

Dealing with common   aspects of everyday living such as travel, lodgings, eating and shopping.

Asking for and   providing everyday goods and services

Discussing what to do   next, making and responding to suggestions, asking for and giving directions.

Discussing what to do in   the evening, at the weekend, etc.

 

  1. II.    DÖNEM   ÜÇÜNCÜ SINAV

 

UNIT   16 EMPATHY

JUNE

1st &    2nd

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inquiring about and   expressing agreement and disagreement.

Inquiring about and   expressing approval and disapproval.

Understanding simple   stories and acknowledging others’ viewpoints.

Expressing personal   opinions.

Expressing sympathy.

 ReadingUnderstanding short,   simple texts on familiar matters.

Finding specific,   predictable information in stories.

Locating specific   information in quotes or slogans and isolating the information required.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances.

to derive the probable   meaning of unknown words from the context

Writing

Picking out and   reproducing key words and phrases or short sentences from a short text within   the learner’s limited competence and experience.

Summarizing gist.

Using the most   frequently occurring connectors to link simple sentences in order to describe   something as a simple list of points.

Listening

Catching the main   point in short, clear and simple messages.

Finding specific   information in simple recorded texts.

Using an idea of the   overall meaning of short texts and utterances to derive the probable meaning   of unknown words from the context

Speaking

Giving a simple   description or presentation of people and events.

Discussing events in a   story or the plot in a simple way.

Saying what he/she   thinks about things in a story.

Asking for   clarification about key words or phrases not understood using stock phrases.

Understanding enough to   manage simple, routine exchanges without undue effort.

Communicating in   simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of   information.

Performing and   responding to basic language functions, such as information exchange and   requests and expressing opinions and attitudes in a simple way.

 

 

Yorum yapın

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.